Effects of Varying Distance on Wireless Signal Propagation in Indoor and Outdoor Built Sites

Chomba, B.K.; Konditi, Dominic B. O.; Nyaanga, D. M.; Githeko, Jason

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.6.75

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As such, ground electrical parametersrefractivity, reflectivity, conductivity, permittivity and bulging on the radio path, as well as prevailing meteorological conditions, have glaring impact on the transmitting radio waves [3], [4], [5], [6]. Moreso, signals propagated as space waves are influenced by hills, mountains, terrains, multipath interference, non-line of sight blockage, fading and soil electrical parameters within the propagation path [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of frequency modulated signals in Uyo, Nigeria

Ekah¹,

Adeniran²,

Shogo³

2022

World J. Adv. Eng. Tech. Sci.

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The kernel of this study is to x-ray the extent of radio coverage of two Frequency Modulated (FM) radio stations (AKBC 90.5MHz and Passion FM 94.5MHz), both located in Uyo, Nigeria. Measurement of signal strengths were carried out across 14 locations using a digital spectrum analyzer. A GPS app was used to take measurements of distance, elevation, longitude and latitude. The collected data was analyzed in the form of scattered plot, contour plots, bar charts, graphs and correlation analysis. For AKBC, good reception was received by users at locations N, C, L, and F. For Passion FM, excellent reception was obtained at locations N, F, A and B. For both stations under investigation, location N had the best reception while location E had poor reception. To establish the effects of Line of Sight (LOS) distance on signal strength, correlation values of – 0.84 and - 0.67 were obtained for AKBC and Passion FM. For signal strength against elevation, 0.71 and 0.55 were the correlation values obtained for AKBC and Passion FM. This shows that an increase in distance from the transmitting antenna led to a decrease in reception while an increase in elevation led to an increase in reception. Existing and intending radio stations in Uyo, are advised to increase the height of their transmitter and transmitting power for better reception and coverage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of frequency modulated signals in Uyo, Nigeria

Ekah¹,

Adeniran²,

Shogo³

2022

World J. Adv. Eng. Tech. Sci.

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“…Data transmission in a duct environment is entirely a non-line-of-sight situation. Chomba et al (2011) showed that Wi-Fi signal strength in a non-line-of-sight indoor environment is reduced to less than −100 dBm for a 30-m distance between nodes. In a study by Hashim et al (2014) , it was observed that, for outdoor communication, the Wi-Fi signal lost after 150 m. For indoor communication, the signal lost appeared after only 40 m. In indoor situations, the Wi-Fi area coverage decreases due to obstacles in the indoor environment, which reduce the effectiveness of data transmission and result in path loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing data transmission in duct air quality monitoring using mesh network strategy for LoRa

Mullick

Rahman

Dahnil

et al. 2022

PeerJ Computer Science

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Duct air quality monitoring (DAQM) is a typical process for building controls, with multiple infections outbreaks reported over time linked with duct system defilement. Various research works have been published with analyses on the air quality inside ducting systems using microcontrollers and low-cost smart sensors instead of conventional meters. However, researchers face problems sending data within limited range and cross-sections inside the duct to the gateway using available wireless technologies, as the transmission is entirely a non-line-of-sight. Therefore, this study developed a new instrument for DAQM to integrate microcontrollers and sensors with a mobile robot using LoRa as the wireless communication medium. The main contribution of this paper is the evaluation of mesh LoRa strategies using our instrument to overcome network disruption problems at the cross-sections and extend the coverage area within the duct environment. A mobile LoRa-based data collection technique is implemented for various data sensors such as DHT22, MQ7, MQ2, MQ135, and DSM50A to identify carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, smoke, and PM2.5 levels. This study analyzed the efficiency of data transmission and signal strength to cover the air duct environment using several network topologies. The experimental design covered four different scenarios with different configurations in a multi-story building. The network performance evaluations focused on the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Experimental results in all scenarios showed an improvement in Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and significant improvement in the coverage area in the mesh network setup. The results conclude that the transmission efficiency and coverage area are significantly enhanced using the proposed LoRa mesh network and potentially expanded in larger duct environments.

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