Effects of victim gender and physical vs. psychological trauma/injury on observers' perceptions of sexual assault and its aftereffects

Schneider, Lawrence J.; Ee, Juliana Soh-Chiew; Aronson, H.

doi:10.1007/bf01544232

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This could either be due to observers finding male rape difficult to understand and accept, or due to observers perceiving the male victim to be unmasculine and submissive (Anderson & Lyons, 2005). Although less convincing and widespread, contradictory results have also been reported, whereby women are blamed to a greater extent for their victimization than men (Idisis, Ben-David, & Ben-Nachum, 2007;Schneider, Soh-Chiew Ee, & Aronson, 1994), leading some researchers to propose that there are additional moderating variables at work when rape blame attributions are being formulated (Mitchell, Angelone, Kohlberger, & Hirschman, 2009). …”

Section: Victim Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

Bruggen

Grubb

2014

Aggression and Violent Behavior

194

135

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Section: Victim Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

Bruggen

Grubb

2014

Aggression and Violent Behavior

194

135

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“…Studies on social reactions to male victims have shown that they are often blamed as intensely or even more so than female victims (Perrott & Webber, 1996;Smith, Pine & Hawley, 1988;Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1992;Whatley & Riggio, 1993) although some studies have shown the opposite effect (e.g., Anderson, 1999;Schneider, Soh-Chiew Ee and Aronson, 1994). Several reasons, such as the greater deviation from expected sexual script and gender roles of male as opposed to female victims (Donnelly & Kenyon, 1996), the supposition of homosexuality in male rape (Mitchell et al, 1999), as well as individual differences such as the perceiver's generalized beliefs in a 'just world' (Perrott & Webber, 1996) may contribute to harsher perceptions of male than female victims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Victims' Social Support on Attributions of Blame in Female and Male Rape

Anderson

Lyons

2005

J Appl Social Pyschol

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One hundred and twenty-one participants read a report of an incident of rape and evaluated the victim and the perpetrator. Two ANOVAs showed that social support and participant gender influenced blame attributed to the victim, while victim gender influenced blame attributed to the perpetrator. Socially supported victims were blamed less than unsupported victims. Men were more blaming of rape victims than women, but further analyses showed this was mediated by attitudes towards gender roles. Men held significantly more traditional attitudes toward gender roles than women, and this accounted for the effect of participant gender on victim perceptions.The perpetrator of male rape was blamed less than the perpetrator of female rape. Findings are discussed in terms of the differential attributional mechanisms that may underpin men's and women's reasoning about different types of rape.

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“…This may be because men are not expected to foresee rape as a potential occurrence as readily as female victims are (McCaul et al;Schneider et al, 1994;Perrott and Webber, 1996;Anderson, 1999). On the other hand, it is a commonplace assumption that women should restrict their behaviour according to societal expectations of 'respectable femininity' (dress modestly, don't go out unaccompanied at night etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making sense of male rape: constructions of gender, sexuality and experience of rape victims

Doherty

Anderson

2004

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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This study reports a preliminary investigation into accounting practices for male rape in conversation. Thirty men and women, in dyads, were asked to discuss an incident of male rape presented to them in a vignette. The findings showed that two main issues were discussed: the experience of the rape act and societal responses to male victims. In addition, participants established a ‘hierarchy of suffering’, where rape was judged to be worse for ‘heterosexual’ men than it is for ‘women’ or ‘gay’ men. Hegemonic, phallocentric representations of heterosexuality were mobilized to argue that acts of rape and consensual intercourse are the same for ‘gay’ men and ‘women’ and therefore less traumatic than for ‘heterosexual’ men. This obscures the violence of rape for gay men and women and exonerates perpetrators by minimizing injury sustained. Participants also argued that heterosexual victims are likely to experience ridicule for having departed from hegemonic masculinity. Arguments were constructed to avoid charges of being dismissive towards women and gay men and of victim blaming in relation to heterosexual men. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Effects of victim gender and physical vs. psychological trauma/injury on observers' perceptions of sexual assault and its aftereffects

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

The Effect of Victims' Social Support on Attributions of Blame in Female and Male Rape

Making sense of male rape: constructions of gender, sexuality and experience of rape victims

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