Effects of Virtual Reality Horse Riding Simulator Training Using a Head-Mounted Display on Balance and Gait Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Pilot Study

Kim, Hae Won; Nam, Ki Seok; Son, Sung Min

doi:10.18857/jkpt.2019.31.5.273

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Park et al [ 20 ] reported that the postural muscle size and postural stability in the static and dynamic states were improved after the administration of robotic hippotherapy once per week for 12 weeks in a child with CP. Kim et al [ 21 ] reported significant improvements in gait velocity, sway velocity and sway distance in five children with CP following HRS training twice per week over a period of 4 weeks. In addition, Hemachithra et al [ 22 ] reported HRS to be successful in reducing abductor spasticity and improving the range of hip abduction in 12 children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality-Incorporated Horse Riding Simulator to Improve Motor Function and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study

Chang

Jung

Park

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The horse riding simulator (HRS) reportedly has a beneficial effect on motor function and balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, by itself, the HRS is not a sufficient source of challenge and motivation for children. To address this issue, we combined the HRS with virtual reality (VR) to promote somatosensory stimulation and motivation. Sixteen children (ages: 5–17 years) with CP and presenting Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–IV were enrolled in the study. Using a head-mounted display and controllers, interventions were carried out over 30-min periods (two rides lasting 12 min each, along with a six-min rest period) twice a week over a period of eight weeks (16 sessions in aggregate). The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Gross Motor Function measure (GMFM)-88, and GMFM-66 scores of each participant were measured before and after the interventions. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the PBS, GMFM-66, the total GMFM-88 scores, and those corresponding to dimensions D and E of GMFM-88 after the intervention (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that VR-incorporated HRS is effective in improving motor function and balance in children with CP and that its incorporation in conventional PT programs could yield beneficial results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality-Incorporated Horse Riding Simulator to Improve Motor Function and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study

Chang

Jung

Park

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…In [28], the researchers use an HRS device combined with an immersive VR by using an HMD. The HMD device is connected to the VR content server using Bluetooth to prevent a tripping hazard.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Virtual Reality-Based Hippotherapy Simulator Exergaming Software and Its Controller for Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Indonesia: An Engineering Concept

Satriawan¹,

Trusaji²,

Hasanuddin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Horse riding therapy, also known as hippotherapy, is a popular treatment for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the need for trained therapists, massive land use, and expensive maintenance of the horse ranch makes hippotherapy not affordable or even available for most patients in Indonesia. This problem motivates us to consider mechanical horse riding simulator machines to replace actual horse hippotherapy. However, most patients are children and are easily bored when asked to do monotonous activities for an extended period. The room setting also does not give the patient visual inputs that usually help motivates the children in real-horse hippotherapy activities. To solve this problem, we designed an exercise game (exergaming) software which we named \textit{Sirkus Apel}, providing the patients with fun activities while doing the therapy. We also design an inertial sensor-based controller that lets the patients control the in-game horse by their back movements, which also benefits CP patients. To make the visual input enjoyable to the user while also considering the user's safety, we built a convex mirror-based dome virtual reality to provide an immersive 3-D experience. We then project the game content to the dome to provide an immersive experience to the patients making it as if they are riding a real horse inside the game.

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“…In the healthcare field, the most common HRS devices in the studies are JOBA (Panasonic, Japan) which were used by 7 teams of researchers [9][10][11][12]14,16,22], followed by FORTIS (Daewon, South Korea) which were used by 5 teams of researchers [13,17,[19][20][21]. Other popular option is OSIM uGallop (Taiwan), used by 3 teams of researchers [18,23,24].…”

Section: Related Research and Contribution Of Our Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse Riding Simulator Design to Replicate Human Walking Gait for Hippotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation

Trusaji¹,

Satriawan²,

Rahadini³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hippotherapy is a popular rehabilitation method for children with cerebral palsy (CP), which is done by riding an actual horse or a horse riding simulator (HRS) device. Riding a real horse is more expensive than using an HRS device due to its high maintenance cost. However, most HRS devices commonly sold in the market are designed as exercise devices, not rehabilitation devices. Most of them are designed to simulate a horse's walk, trot, canter, or gallop gait at various speeds. Hippotherapy aims to improve the walking ability of CP patients. Therefore, the device should aim to replicate the walking gait of a healthy human, the end goal of hippotherapy. This problem motivates us to design and build a specialized HRS device replicating the walking gait of a healthy human that is suitable for hippotherapy, which is achievable by simulating a horse walking gait with several adjustments. We first studied and observed the walking gait cycle of a horse, then analyzed and derived a formulation of it. We then continue by designing an HRS device using a single electrical rotational motor and mechanical means to replicate the walking gait of a horse, then tune it to an extent to replicate a human walking gait. To measure the performance of our design, we compare the gait of the user when riding our device versus walking.

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Effects of Virtual Reality Horse Riding Simulator Training Using a Head-Mounted Display on Balance and Gait Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Pilot Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Virtual Reality-Incorporated Horse Riding Simulator to Improve Motor Function and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study

Virtual Reality-Incorporated Horse Riding Simulator to Improve Motor Function and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study

Design of Virtual Reality-Based Hippotherapy Simulator Exergaming Software and Its Controller for Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Indonesia: An Engineering Concept

Horse Riding Simulator Design to Replicate Human Walking Gait for Hippotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation

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