The interest on detailed
analysis of peptide–membrane interactions
is of great interest in both fundamental and applied sciences as these
may relate to both functional and pathogenic events. Such interactions
are highly dynamic and spatially heterogeneous, making the investigation
of the associated phenomena highly complex. The specific properties
of membranes and peptide structural details, together with environmental
conditions, may determine different events at the membrane interface,
which will drive the fate of the peptide–membrane system. Here,
we use an experimental approach based on the combination of spectroscopy
and fluorescence microscopy methods to characterize the interactions
of the multifunctional amphiphilic peptide transportan 10 with model
membranes. Our approach, based on the use of suitable fluorescence
reporters, exploits the advantages of phasor plot analysis of fluorescence
lifetime imaging microscopy measurements to highlight the molecular
details of occurring membrane alterations in terms of rigidity and
hydration. Simultaneously, it allows following dynamic events in real
time without sample manipulation distinguishing, with high spatial
resolution, whether the peptide is adsorbed to or inserted in the
membrane.