Effects of Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) Deficiency in Lake Trout Alevins and Preventive Treatments

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of thiamine immersion of fish from a population known for compromised survival as a result of early mortality syndrome (EMS) and to investigate the cause-response relationship between thiamine concentration and lesions in tissues in swim-up-stage lake trout Salvelinus namaycush alevins. Lake trout eggs from 14 fish from Lake Michigan were artificially fertilized and the progeny divided into two groups based on the thiamine concentration (low [< 0.73 nmol/g] or high [> 0.85 nmol/g]) in the unfertilized eggs. Progeny were treated or not with a thiamine solution (2,000 mg/L for 2 h) at hatching or the swim-up stage. The survival of progeny in control groups at the swim-up stage correlated with thiamine concentration. The low thiamine-treated groups had significantly higher survival between the swim-up stage (812.0 degree-days) and 16 d after swim-up (963.3 degree-days) than the control groups; the survival of the high thiamine-treated groups did not differ between treated and control fish, regardless of the treatment at hatching and the swim-up stage. Control alevins that had low thiamine levels showed EMS, which resulted in 94.9-100% mortality 16 d after the swim-up stage. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, olfactory lobe, eye, liver, or muscle in alevins of high thiamine-treated group. Glycogen deposits in the liver of alevins from the low control group were variable, no glycogen being observed in the hepatocytes of 7 of the 24 fish. We demonstrate that thiamine treatment at swim-up enhances the survival of EMS-affected lake trout relative to treatment at hatching.

Effect of graded levels of dietary thiamine on the growth performance, body composition and haemato-biochemical parameters of juvenileSclizothorax prenanti

“…), high mortality of lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) (Lee et al . ), haemorrhage and ataxia (Hashimoto et al . ) as well as anorexia and dark pigmentation (Morito et al .…”

Free Amino Acids in Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Eggs and Larvae

“…This is the characteristic of some tropical fish species, like pacu, tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum , curimatas, Prochilodus sp., and others (Nakatami et al ). Pacu eggs and larvae have a fast rate of development and take only 3–5 d until the beginning of exogenous feeding, in comparison to coldwater fish species like salmonids, that have a several months long development with endogenous nutrition (Nakatami et al ; Portella and Dabrowski ; Lee et al ). The fish undergoes complex transition in morphological, histological, and functional characteristics mainly during the larval early life‐history (Govoni et al ; Dabrowski and Portella ; Portella and Dabrowski ; Dabrowski et al ).…”

Severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua)

“…Overall, thiamine deficiency leads to disruption of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Because thiamine acts as a cofactor to enzymes in several different pathways, and a deficiency causes an imbalance of metabolites, the sub-lethal symptoms of thiamine deficiency are diverse and, depending on animal class, can include emaciation, memory loss, neurological disorders, immunosuppression, reduced vision and sense of smell, hypothermia, degradation of the blood-brain barrier, anorexia, labored breathing as well as memory-, learning-, orientation-, behaviour-and reproductive disorders [12,[23][24][25][26][27][28].…”