Effects of voluntary exercise on immune function in rats

Immunomodulatory action of chronic exercise on macrophage and lymphocyte cytokine production in mice

“…Several investigators have reported the effects of exercise training on mitogen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation (see for example, Ferry et al . 1991, Nasrullah & Mazzeo 1992, Coleman & Rager 1993, Sugiura et al . 1998, 2000).…”

“…Many reports have been made on the effects of exercise on immune functions, such as macrophage and lymphocyte functions (Nieman 1997, Mackinnon 1998. Recent studies indicate that moderate-intensity exercise enhances immune functions, whereas intense exercise training depresses immune functions (Coleman & Rager 1993, Jonsdottir et al 1997, Sugiura et al 1998, Nieman 2000. With regards to the influence of chronic exercise training on immune functions, the results of animal experiments showed that voluntary running exercise in rats for 4-5 weeks enhanced in vivo natural cytotoxicity (Jonsdottir et al 1997).…”

“…In addition, we found that treadmill running exercise at least 30 min per day and at least three times per week enhances phagocytic and elimination activities in peritoneal macrophages. Some researchers have documented exercise-induced increases in macrophage chemotaxis, phagocytic activities, macrophage cytolysis and lymphocyte functions after the chronic exercise training (Coleman & Rager 1993, Dishman et al 1995, Ferrandez & De la Fuente 1999, Lu et al 1999, Sugiura et al 2000. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of chronic exercise on the cytokine production of macrophage and lymphocyte.…”

Running wheel activity is sensitive to acute treatment with selective inhibitors for either serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake

“…Notably, RWA is unlikely to reflect a negatively motivated escape behavior that arises from impoverished housing conditions, as animals spend a significant amount of their time with RWA under extremely enriched conditions and even released or escaped laboratory animals have been reported to return to run in freely accessible wheels (reviewed in Sherwin 1998). Furthermore, RWA has beneficial physiological and possibly antidepressant-like effects (Bjornebekk et al 2005;Coleman and Rager 1993;Greenwood et al 2003;Zheng et al 2006) but also psychopathological features with signs of excessiveness, maladaptiveness (Sherwin 1998), addiction (Belke and Wagner 2005;Eikelboom and Lattanzio 2003;Inkster et al 2005;Lett et al 2000;Werme et al 2002), and compulsiveness (Altemus et al 1993(Altemus et al , 1996. This suggests that RWA may mimic certain features of psychiatric disease.…”

Exercise enhances vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cell responses

“…Furthermore, two prospective studies in older adults reported that a 10-month exercise intervention increased influenza-and KLH-specific antibody titers [24, 25] and granzyme B activity [25]. In contrast to the exercise-induced enhancement of antigen-specific antibody titers in older adults, moderate exercise does not enhance antibody responses in young adults [23, 26, 27] or in rodent models utilizing young animals [23, 28–31]. However, one report demonstrates that DTH responses to KLH are higher in active versus sedentary young adults [23].…”