Effects of voluntary exercise on the expression of browning markers in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

High physical activity is important to optimize the function of adipose tissue. Dysfunctional adipose tissue contributes to the development of metabolic stress, chronic inflammation, and hypertension. To improve our current understanding of the interaction between physical exercise and adipose tissue, we analyzed the effect of 10 months voluntary running wheel activity of rats on uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 negative white adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VWAT and SWAT). Analysis was performed via RT-PCR and immunoblot from adipose tissues depicted from adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive female rats. UCP1 negative VWAT differed from UCP1 positive WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from interscapular fat depots, by lacking the expression of UCP1 and low expression of Cidea, a transcriptional co-activator of UCP1. High physical activity affected the expression of five genes in SWAT (Visfatin (up), RBP5, adiponectin, Cidea, and Nrg4 (all down)) but only one gene (Visfatin, up) in VWAT. Furthermore, the expression of these genes is differentially regulated in VWAT and SWAT of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under sedentary conditions (UCP2) and exercise (Visfatin, Cidea, Nrg4). Keeping the animals after 6 months of voluntary exercise under observation for an additional period of 4 months without running wheels, Visfatin, Cidea, and Nrg4 were stronger expressed in VWAT of SHRs than in sedentary control rats. In summary, our study shows that SWAT is more responsible to exercise than VWAT.

Depot-specific adaption of adipose tissue for different exercise approaches in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice

“…As for eWAT, although exercise markedly enhanced the expression of mitochondria-related genes, it did not alter the expression of its beige adipocyte-associated markers. This is consistent with previous reports showing that 10 weeks of voluntary exercise on a treadmill promotes the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT but no significant changes in eWAT ( Karadedeli et al, 2022 ). Endurance exercise and high-intensity training also did not affect the protein and gene expression of thermogenic markers in eWAT ( Maharjan et al, 2021 ).…”

Effect of Metabolic Adaptation by Voluntary Running Wheel Activity and Aldosterone Inhibition on Renal Function in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Data obtained from this model suggest that exercise can protect the kidney structure [ 15 ], can reduce albuminuria [ 16 ] as well as the expression of components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) [ 17 ], and is capable to increase the expressions of UCP-2 and SOD-2, though both of them are considered as potential mechanisms reducing oxidative stress [ 18 ]. Moreover, voluntary running wheel activity affects subcutaneous white adipose tissue in these rats indicating tissue-specific metabolic effects [ 19 ]. However, limitations of these studies are the short training periods in most of the underlying protocols.…”