Effects of voluntary wheel running on the kidney at baseline and after ischaemia–reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury: a strain difference comparison

Abstract

Exercise-induced vascular endothelial adaptations in the kidney are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the impact of voluntary wheel running (VWR) on the abundance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD), in kidney and lung, and other SOD isoforms and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in kidney. We also determined whether VWR influences susceptibility to acute kidney injury (AKI). Male Sprague-Dawley and Fisher 344 rats, VWR or sedentary for 12 weeks, were subjected to AKI (uninephrectomy (UNX) and 35 min of left kidney ischaemia-24 h reperfusion, IR). We measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), and analysed renal structural injury. Running was comparable between strains and VWR reduced body weight. In Sprague-Dawley rats, VWR reduced eNOS and EC SOD, but increased Mn SOD in kidney. Similar changes were seen after 6 weeks of VWR in Sprague-Dawley rats. In Fisher 344 rats, VWR increased eNOS, all SOD isoforms and TAC in kidney. Both strains increased eNOS and EC SOD in lung with VWR. Compared to UNX alone, UNX-IR injury markedly reduced renal function for both strains; however, in the Sprague-Dawley rats, VWR exacerbated falls in GFR and RPF due to UNX-IR, whereas in the Fisher 344 rats, GFR was unaffected by VWR. Some indices of renal structural injury due to UNX-IR tended to be worse in SD vs. F344. Our study demonstrates that genetic background influences the effect of exercise on kidney eNOS and EC SOD, which in turn influence the susceptibility to AKI.

Exercise Differentially Regulates Renalase Expression in Skeletal Muscle and Kidney

“…Kocer et al (2011), recently showed that the constrictive response of renal resistance arteries to norepinephrine in rats increased following exercise training. In a study by Moningka et al (2013), the authors showed that endurance training exacerbates the fall in GFR and renal blood flow following acute kidney injury. The results of Conboy et al (2010), showed that endurance training reduced vasoconstriction during the orthostatic reaction, and could contrib- Fig.…”

Combination effect of voluntary exercise and garlic (Allium sativum) on oxidative stress, cholesterol level and histopathology of heart tissue in type 1 diabetic rats

“…27 However, it was reported that voluntary exercise as a non-exhaustive exercise has beneficial effects on activation of the certain antioxidant defense system and substantially an increase in TAC. 28 Furthermore, previous studies showed that exercise improved lipid profiles of healthy, 29,30 and diabetic rats. 31,32 The molecular mechanisms by which voluntary exercise provides a protective effect on the diabetic heart are not fully elucidated.…”

THE EFFECT OF SINGLE- AND REPEATED- EXCESSIVE SWIMMING EXERCISE ON KIDNEY HISTOPATHOLOGY OF MALE RATS WISTAR STRAIN (Rattus norvegicus)

“…Animal response decreased to prolonged stress through habituation or adaptation. Research conducted by Moningka also found that repeated voluntary wheel running for 6 weeks could increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) (31). The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes is caused by repeated ROS exposure which could cause adaptation of the mitochondria of the proximal tubule of the kidney in repeated swimming exercises, but the mechanism of adaptation is still unknown (30).…”