Effects of warm-up on muscle glycogenolysis during intense exercise

Robergs, Robert A.; Pascoe, David D.; Costill, David L.; Fink, W. J.; Chwalbińska-Moneta, J; Davis, Jacqueline; Hickner, Robert C.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199101000-00007

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings of reduced HR following static stretching have also been reported by Faigenbaum et al (2005). By including a phase of low-intensity static stretching, the individual is effectively reversing the effects of increasing physiological activity in the preceding general warm-up phase, that is increasing peripheral muscular temperature, greater efficacy of enzymatic reactions, lower oxygen deficit at the onset of work, and a decreased RER during subsequent activity (Edwards et al 1972;Febbraio et al 1996;Robergs et al 1992). Significant differences were also observed in HR between the dynamic stretching and movement activity (post dynamic stretching) which may also explain the timecourse improvement in VJ height immediately after the movement activity treatments following the dynamic stretching.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of secondary warm up following stretching

et al. 2008

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Evidence suggests that static stretching inhibits muscular power. However, research does not reflect practice whereby individuals follow up stretching with secondary activity. This study investigated muscular power following stretching, and after a second bout of activity. Participants (n = 13) completed 3 randomized testing sessions which included a 5 min warm-up, followed by a vertical jump (VJ) on a force platform; an intervention (static stretching, dynamic, or control), followed by a second VJ. Participants then completed a series of movements, followed by a VJ, up to 60 min post activity. Immediately following the intervention, there was a 10.7% difference in VJ between static and dynamic stretching. The second warm up bout increased VJ height following the dynamic intervention, whereas the static stretching condition did not show any differences. The novel finding from this study demonstrates a second exercise bout does not reverse the effects of static stretching and is still detrimental to VJ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of secondary warm up following stretching

et al. 2008

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“…Even endotherms show considerable body temperature fluctuations (Glanville et al, 2012), and peripheral muscles in particular can be several degrees cooler than core temperatures (Robergs et al, 1991;Noonan et al, 1993). Hence, the energetic efficiency of muscle power production and locomotion will change daily and seasonally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost of muscle power production: muscle oxygen consumption per unit work increases at low temperatures inXenopus laevisDaudin

Seebacher

Tallis

James

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Metabolic energy (ATP) supply to muscle is essential to support activity and behaviour. It is expected, therefore, that there is strong selection to maximise muscle power output for a given rate of ATP use. However, the viscosity and stiffness of muscle increases with a decrease in temperature, which means that more ATP may be required to achieve a given work output. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ATP use increases at lower temperatures for a given power output in Xenopus laevis. To account for temperature variation at different time scales, we considered the interaction between acclimation for 4 weeks (to 15 or 25°C) and acute exposure to these temperatures. Cold-acclimated frogs had greater sprint speed at 15°C than warm-acclimated animals. However, acclimation temperature did not affect isolated gastrocnemius muscle biomechanics. Isolated muscle produced greater tetanus force, and faster isometric force generation and relaxation, and generated more work loop power at 25°C than at 15°C acute test temperature. Oxygen consumption of isolated muscle at rest did not change with test temperature, but oxygen consumption while muscle was performing work was significantly higher at 15°C than at 25°C, regardless of acclimation conditions. Muscle therefore consumed significantly more oxygen at 15°C for a given work output than at 25°C, and plastic responses did not modify this thermodynamic effect. The metabolic cost of muscle performance and activity therefore increased with a decrease in temperature. To maintain activity across a range of temperature, animals must increase ATP production or face an allocation trade-off at lower temperatures. Our data demonstrate the potential energetic benefits of warming up muscle before activity, which is seen in diverse groups of animals such as bees, which warm flight muscle before take-off, and humans performing warm ups before exercise.

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“…During the subjects' first visit to the laboratory, V O 2peak was determined using an incremental multistage cycling test adapted from Robergs et al (28). After a 10-min warm-up at 100 W, athletes cycled at 150 W for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%