Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Atherton, John C.; Hai, M. A.; Thomas, Sophie

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008566

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…By 71 hr, these gradients were almost completely dissipated, with urea making a very small contribution to the total osmolal concentration and content: in all series the reduction was relatively much greater in the (Atherton et al 1968a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during water diuresis in the rat

Atherton¹,

Hai²,

Thomas³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The time course and extent of changes in the composition of renal tissue slices in water diuresis were determined by sacrificing groups of rats before and during the intravenous infusion of dextrose (2.5 g/100 ml.) in amounts sufficient to administer over 2 hr, and subsequently to maintain for up to 74 hr, a positive fluid load of 4 % body weight.2. The corticomedullary osmolal gradient characteristic of the nondiuretic rats was progressively dissipated until, at 74 hr, only papillary tip concentrations were higher than those of other segments.3. The changes in individual constituents followed different time courses: (i) an increase in water content in all segments, particularly the papilla, was almost complete by 1 hr, preceding the maximal increases in urine flow; (ii) a marked decrease in papillary and medullary urea content in the first hour was followed by a slower, progressive decrease leading to an almost complete dissipation of the urea gradient by 74 hr; (iii) small, non-significant decreases in sodium content occurred in all segments in the first hr, followed by a further small, progressive decrease in papillary sodium content; (iv) changes in ammonium and potassium concentrations were mainly related to those in water content, since the contents of these solutes showed only small changes.4. By 2 hr, differences in the rates of decline of osmolal and urea concentrations in urine and papilla led to urinary concentrations significantly lower than papillary values. The steep papilla-urine urea concentration difference became smaller, but remained significant even at 74 hr.5. The findings are discussed in terms of changes in countercurrent mechanisms, particularly as influenced by anti-diuretic hormone.6. The development of papilla/urine urea concentration ratio greater than unity is also considered in terms of passive transport with changes in membrane permeability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The animals were induced to void urine without catheterization (Atherton et al 1968a), 1 hr from the start of infusion, and then every 30 min. Immediately after collecting the terminal urine sample, the rat was anaesthetized with ether, the kidneys removed and a blood sample collected by cardiac puncture.…”

Section: Renal Composition In Water Diuresis 431mentioning

confidence: 99%

The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during water diuresis in the rat

Atherton¹,

Hai²,

Thomas³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 230-380 g, previously maintained on a standard rat cake diet (21-7 % protein), were prepared by methods already described (Atherton, Hai & Thomas, 1968a). Six groups of animals were studied:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during mannitol diuresis in the rat

Atherton¹,

Hai²,

Thomas³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The time course and extent of changes in the composition of renal tissue slices in osmotic diuresis were determined by sacrificing groups of rats before and during the intravenous infusion of mannitol (15 g/100 ml.) for up to 71 hr.2. Very rapid changes in tissue water and solute contents occurred within 15 min, preceding the times of maximal diuresis, with little subsequent change even up to 7-hr.3. The main changes were: (a) an increase in water content in all slices, particularly the papilla; (b) a very profound decrease in papillary and medullary urea content in the first 15 min, with a small, but significant, further decrease, subsequently; (c) a small, but significant, rapid decrease in papillary sodium, and small non-significant increases in the outer medulla and cortex. Subsequent changes in any segment were small and non-significant; (d) apart from small changes in the first 15 min ammonium and potassium contents remained fairly constant.4. The rates of change in papillary and urinary urea concentrations were similar, so that after 30 min, any differences between tip and urinary concentrations were small and non-significant.5. The findings are discussed in terms of factors influencing countercurrent mechanisms. It is concluded that altered medullary blood flow is mainly responsible for the rapid changes in medullary composition.6. The relation between papillary and urinary urea concentrations is explicable in terms of passive handling, with equilibration across a freely permeable collecting duct membrane.

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“…Studies of renal electrolytes were made using the method of Atherton, Hai & Thomas (1968). Calculations of intracellular lithium were based on the assumption that lithium is equally distributed in the various cells of the body and accepting figures for the intra-and extracellular spaces of the rat given by Spector (1956).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of the inhibition of the action of antidiuretic hormone by lithium ions in the rat kidney and bladder of the toad Bufo marinus

Harris

Jenner

1972

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. The effect of intravenous infusions of various ions on the antidiuretic action of antidiuretic hormone has been studied in rats. 2. Lithium (13 mmol/l.) reversibly inhibits the antidiuretic responses. Similar concentrations of potassium, rubidium, strontium, magnesium, choline and calcium do not. Lithium has a similar effect on the antidiuretic activity of oxytocin.3. The inhibition is not simply related to blood nor whole body lithium concentrations. 4. Lithium (2 mmol/l.) in contact with the serosal surface also inhibits the transport of water facilitated by either 0 5 u/i. antidiuretic hormone or 1 1 mmol/l. cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the isolated toad bladder. 5. Choline (2 mmol/l.) on the serosal surface also inhibits the transport of water facilitated by vasopressin in the toad bladder.

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Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during water diuresis in the rat

The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during water diuresis in the rat

The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during mannitol diuresis in the rat

Some aspects of the inhibition of the action of antidiuretic hormone by lithium ions in the rat kidney and bladder of the toad Bufo marinus

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