Effects of water velocity on the survival of downstream‐migrating juvenile salmon and steelhead: A review with emphasis on the Columbia river basin

Cada, G.F.; Deacon, Michael D.; Mitz, Stephen V.; Bevelhimer, Mark S.

doi:10.1080/10641269709388596

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We believe that low water temperatures and high turbidity associated with comparatively high flows were probably the principal abiotic factors influencing smallmouth bass predation of juvenile salmonids in 1996 and 1997. Similar to other studies Cada et al 1997;Gregory and Levings 1998), our study suggests that increased turbidities and decreased temperatures accompanying high flows may improve the survival of juvenile salmonids by reducing predation. Therefore, factors that appear to affect water temperature, turbidity, and flow probably are related to the year-to-year and spatial variation in smallmouth bass predation on juvenile salmonids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because smallmouth bass are generally considered visual predators (Carlander 1977), increased turbidity should reduce the detection of smolts. Cada et al (1997) provided evidence that reduced turbidity associated with impoundment-related reductions in water velocity was correlated with lower survival of juvenile Pacific salmon. Gregory and Levings (1998) found that age-0 Pacific salmon were less likely to encounter and be consumed by predators in turbid than in clear water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predation on Juvenile Salmonids by Smallmouth Bass in the Lower Granite Reservoir System, Snake River

Naughton

Bennett

Newman

2004

N American J Fish Manag

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We estimated the consumption of juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss by smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the tailrace and forebay of the Lower Granite Dam and compared this consumption with that in the two major river arms of the upper Lower Granite Reservoir, Snake River, Idaho–Washington. We examined over 9,700 smallmouth bass stomachs from April through August during 1996 and 1997. Juvenile salmonids were not a major component of smallmouth bass diets by weight and number at any location in either 1996 or 1997. Of the approximately 8,600 stomach samples containing food items, only 67 had juvenile salmonid remains. Juvenile salmonids accounted for approximately 11% of smallmouth bass diets by weight in the forebay in 1996 and 5% in the Snake and Clearwater river arms in 1997, with smaller proportions at other locations. Crustaceans and nonsalmonid fishes were the dominant prey items by weight at all locations in 1996 and 1997 except for the Snake River arm in 1996, where macroinvertebrates were dominant. Monthly consumption rates (smolts/bass/d) of juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass were highest in the forebay (0.02) in April 1996 and in the restricted zone of the forebay (0.05) in July 1997. We estimated that approximately 17,500 (1996: 6,728; 1997: 10,809) juvenile salmonids were consumed by smallmouth bass from April through August in 1996 and 1997. High flows and resulting lower water temperatures and higher turbidity in the Lower Granite Reservoir during our study probably affected salmonid predation rates by smallmouth bass. Management efforts directed at enhancing migratory conditions for juvenile salmonids (e.g., higher flows, lower water temperatures, and higher turbidity) will probably also reduce predation from smallmouth bass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation on Juvenile Salmonids by Smallmouth Bass in the Lower Granite Reservoir System, Snake River

Naughton

Bennett

Newman

2004

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Migration speed appears to be a critical determinant of successful migration for smolts. Examples from both Pacific (Cada et al. 1997; Budy et al.…”

Section: Stage‐specific Effects Of Flow On Salmonidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a life‐history‐based management framework for the effects of flow on juvenile salmonids in streams and rivers

Nislow

Armstrong

2011

Fisheries Management Eco

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Salmonid fishes have complex life cycles involving major changes in habitat requirements at different stages in their life history. Effects of changes in flow and flow regime on salmonids are therefore highly stage‐specific. Successful management requires consideration of stage‐specific influences and integration of these effects over the entire life history to predict ultimate impacts on abundance and population viability. The state of science regarding stage‐specific influences of flow regime on juvenile salmonids and their habitats, referring specifically to fundamental attributes of natural regimes and to characteristic alterations of these regimes associated with water management, is reviewed. It appears that a key consideration in integrating the stage‐specific impacts of flow is the extent to which flow‐related losses or gains early in ontogeny can be compensated by increased growth or survival later in juvenile life history. Further, fundamental interactions between flow and water temperature must be incorporated into the robust models ultimately required for science‐based management. In the absence of such models and data, the current state of science may be sufficient to target specific aspects of flow regimes that are critical to multiple life‐history stages, which can then serve as a basis for interim flow prescriptions and subsequent adaptive management.

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“…Flow and travel time relationships have sometimes been found to be significant for yearling chinook and steelhead at low flows in the Snake and lower Columbia Rivers with the dams in place. However, this relationship is not clear at higher flows (Giorgi, 1991;Kindley, 1991;Hilbom et al, 1993 as cited in Cada et al, 1993).…”

Section: -78 Final Eismentioning

confidence: 99%

Columbia River System Operation Review : Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix D: Exhibits.

1995

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Effects of water velocity on the survival of downstream‐migrating juvenile salmon and steelhead: A review with emphasis on the Columbia river basin

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Predation on Juvenile Salmonids by Smallmouth Bass in the Lower Granite Reservoir System, Snake River

Predation on Juvenile Salmonids by Smallmouth Bass in the Lower Granite Reservoir System, Snake River

Towards a life‐history‐based management framework for the effects of flow on juvenile salmonids in streams and rivers

Columbia River System Operation Review : Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix D: Exhibits.

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