Effects of Wearing Foot Orthosis With Medial Arch Support on the Fifth Metatarsal Loading and Ankle Inversion Angle in Selected Basketball Tasks

Abstract

Proximal fractures of the fifth metatarsal are most common in young male athletes. These fractures are devastating to athletes because they are slow to heal and have a high potential for delayed union, nonunion, and refracture. 4,9,[14][15][16][17][18][19]26,28 These fractures can be acute, stress, or combined acute/stress fractures of the proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal. The Jones fracture 4,8 was first described by Jones in 1902 13 and involves the proximal third of the fifth metatarsal, distal to the insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis tendon, 1.5 cm from the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal (figure 1). 5,7,8,16,23 Jones described the mechanism of injury in vivid terms: "so powerful are the ligaments that dislocation is rare. It is obviously easier to break the bone than to dislocate it." 13 The fifth metatarsal is subjected to 3-point bending (figure 1) when the foot lands in a relatively inverted position. Forces are imposed at the proximal end of the fifth metatarsal by the ground reaction force and soft tissues such as the fibularis brevis, lateral bands of the plantar fascia, and ligamentous/capsular tissue between the cuboid and the base of the fifth metatarsal. Force is also imposed by the ground reaction force at the distal end of the metatarsal as a result of the foot being in a relatively inverted position. Finally, the base of the fourth metatarsal applies a force in response to the previously described forces, completing the 3-point bending stress that may produce a stress fracture in response to cumulative fatigue, an acute fracture following sufficiently high-magnitude loading, or a combination of the two. Weight bearing that occurs with the foot in an inverted position, therefore, tends to promote the t studY design: Preintervention and postintervention, repeated-measures experimental design.t oBJectives: The objective was to investigate the effects of foot orthoses with medial arch support on ankle inversion angle and plantar forces and pressures on the fifth metatarsal during landing for a basketball lay-up and during the stance phase of a shuttle run.t Background: Proximal fractures of the fifth metatarsal, specifically the Jones fracture, are common in sports. Wearing foot orthoses with medial arch support could increase the ankle inversion angle and the plantar forces and pressure on the fifth metatarsal that may increase the risk for fifth metatarsal fracture.t MetHods and Measures: Three-dimensional (3-D) videographic, force plate, and in-shoe plantar force and pressure data were collected during landing after a basketball lay-up and during the stance phase of a shuttle run with and without foot orthoses with medial arch support for 14 male subjects. Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were performed to compare ankle inversion angle, maximum forces, and pressure on the fifth metatarsal head and base between conditions and between tasks.t results: The maximum ankle inversion angle and maximum plantar force and pressure on the base of the fifth metatarsal during both ...

Basketball lay-up – foot loading characteristics and the number of trials necessary to obtain stable plantar pressure variables

“…The present study established a minimum of eight trials for obtaining stable plantar loading measurements across all foot regions. This finding eliminates the use of arbitrary selected trials as in previous studies (Pau & Ciuti, 2013;Queen et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2007) and allows for ease of implementation. This approach can benefit researchers, coaches, and athletes by minimising the burden imposed on participants, reducing the influence of fatigue on movements (Amiri-Khorasani et al, 2010), and avoiding unnecessary data processing time.…”

“…This approach can benefit researchers, coaches, and athletes by minimising the burden imposed on participants, reducing the influence of fatigue on movements (Amiri-Khorasani et al, 2010), and avoiding unnecessary data processing time. From a clinical perspective, it is also important to assure that plantar loading characteristics are measured using a sound test protocol to better understand possible risks of foot injuries (Guettler et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2007). Although many studies have used plantar loading variables to assess loading during sports movements (e.g.…”

“…While comprehensive data in eight foot regions were presented, the results may be influenced by different footwear since participants wore their personal shoes. It should also be noted that most previous studies examined simulated basketball lay-ups in laboratory environment in which participants may not perform the task naturally (Guettler et al, 2006;Pau & Ciuti, 2013;Queen et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2007). To better understand foot loading characteristics during the lay-up, it will be beneficial to profile plantar pressure distribution using standardised footwear in a realistic basketball court setting.…”

“…A few studies have examined the foot loading characteristics during the lay-up (Guettler et al, 2006;Pau & Ciuti, 2013;Queen, Mall, Nunley, & Chuckpaiwong, 2009;Yu et al, 2007). Guettler and colleagues (2006) and Yu and co-workers (2007) reported conflicting results on KEYWORDS performance stability; sequential estimation; force; peak pressure; pressure-time integral plantar forces or pressures with and without the use of orthoses during simulated lay-ups.…”

“…Here, stability of a performance refers to the repeatability of a variable across repeated trials over time (James et al, 2007). Earlier studies on plantar loading during basketball tasks either did not specify how many trials were used (Guettler et al, 2006), or averaged from three (Pau & Ciuti, 2013;Yu et al, 2007) to five (Queen et al, 2009) trials arbitrarily. It remains uncertain whether the data obtained were sufficient to represent typical loading behaviours.…”