“…body mass, body condition, wing length, wing development, etc.) at fledging may be influenced by factors such as parental incubation, parental provisioning performance, ambient temperatures, precipitation, predation risk, and food quality and abundance (Remes and Martin , Searcy et al , Brouwer et al , Kasprzykowski et al , Wada et al ). If juvenile phenotypic traits influence post‐fledging survival, then fledgling survival is expected to be, in part, a function of carryover effects from the nestling phase.…”