Effects of Wine Components in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

With the rising prevalence of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide, and the rising cost of treatment with novel biological drugs, there is an increasing interest in various diets and natural foods as a potential way to control/modulate IBD. As recent data indicates that diet can modify the metabolic responses essential for the resolution of inflammation, and as wine compounds have been shown to provide substantial anti-inflammatory effect, in this review we aimed to discuss the current evidence concerning the impact of biological compounds present in wine on IBD. A number of preclinical studies brought forth strong evidence on the mechanisms by which molecules in wine, such as resveratrol or piceatannol, provide their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and microbiota-modulation effects. However, concerning the effects of alcohol, it is still unclear how the amount of ethanol ingested within the framework of moderate wine consumption (1–2 glasses a day) affects patients with IBD, as human studies regarding the effects of wine on patients with IBD are scarce. Nevertheless, available evidence justifies the conductance of large-scale RCT trials on human subjects that will finally elucidate whether wine can offer real benefits to the IBD population.

Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components on Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…While the oxysterol treatment increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS species, the addition of EVOO phenols significantly reduced cytokine secretion and inhibited ROS production and MAPK phosphorylation [40]. Interestingly, analogous findings were reported in studies exploring the effects of wine polyphenols in modulating gut inflammation [19]. Namely, a study by Guina et al demonstrated how wine polyphenols counteracted the aforementioned effect of oxysterols by inhibiting the NOX1/p38 MAPK/NFκB signalling axis [41].…”

“…In recent times, the MedDiet and its specific components are increasingly being researched and used to prevent and manage chronic non-communicable diseases [16][17][18]. In addition, there is compelling new evidence about the efficacy of various nutraceuticals, such as the polyphenols from natural foods like olive oil and wine, in modulating IBD [19,20]. Olive oil, and especially extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), with its high content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), tocopherols, and polyphenols, is thought to be one of the main bioactive compounds found in the MedDiet [21].…”

Can Fasting Curb the Metabolic Syndrome Epidemic?

“…Similar results were obtained in another meta-analysis that also studied the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns and MetS: a healthy/prudent diet was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, while an unhealthy/Western pattern was associated with an increased risk of developing MetS [ 64 ]. Another popular dietary pattern, the Mediterranean diet, has also shown benefits regarding MetS [ 65 , 66 ]. In a meta-analysis by Kastorini et al, the combined effect of prospective studies and clinical trials showed that the Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduced risk of MetS (log hazard ratio: −0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.24 to −1.16) [ 67 ].…”

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Red Wine in Experimental Model of Colitis in Mice

“…Thus, the inhibitory effects of red wine on inflammatory mechanisms, such as NF-kB activation, IL-8 production, COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase induction, provide evidence that polyphenols are able to ameliorate or prevent intestinal inflammation [ 13 ]. Currently, there is already preclinical data that suggest a beneficial role of several specific bioactive compounds present on wine, mainly resveratrol, in several inflammatory-related disorders [ 20 , 21 ]. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning what the exact role of a more complete extract, including different phenolic compounds present on red wine, in an IBD context might be.…”