Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens

Yuan, Lin; Li, Wanli; Huo, Qianqian; Du, Chenhong; Wang, Zhixiang; Yi, Baodi; Wang, Mingfa

doi:10.7717/peerj.4435

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Beneficial effects of XOS on performance have already been described in poultry ( Craig et al., 2020 ; Courtin et al., 2008 ; Lin et al., 2018 ). In the present study, hens receiving the corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with XOS presented a better FCR than those in the control during wk 7 to 12 of the trial, indicating that a period longer than 6-wk was needed for dietary XOS to exert the positive effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The composition of the intestinal microbiota in broilers could be shifted by fermenting XOS towards a relative increase in probiotics and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria ( De Maesschalck et al., 2015 ; Eeckhaut et al., 2008 ). Additionally, fermentation of XOS in the cecum of broilers leads to formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) ( Lin et al., 2018 ) which was implicated in energy absorption, alleviation of gut inflammation, and maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity ( Lin et al., 2018 ; Postler and Ghosh, 2017 ; Topping and Clifton, 2001 ; Weese et al., 2015 ). Recently, several studies have indicated that dietary XOS supplementation could enhance feed efficiency of broilers probably through improving nutrient digestibility ( Craig et al., 2020 ; Ribeiro et al., 2018 ), as well as exerting an effect on gut immune system via the stimulation on the specific bacteria ( Lin et al., 2018 ; Pourabedin et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens

Zhou

et al. 2021

Animal Nutrition

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This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens. In a 12-wk experiment, a total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers at 50 wk of age were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments supplemented with XOS at 0, 200 or 400 mg/kg. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 12 birds each. Hens fed XOS diets showed a lower feed-to-egg ratio during wk 7 to 12 and a higher egg yolk color value in wk 12 compared with those fed the control diet ( P < 0.05). Dietary XOS supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nitrogen at the end of the 12th wk ( P < 0.05). In addition, a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in XOS-added groups ( P < 0.05). The high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that dietary XOS supplementation at 200 mg/kg altered cecal microbiota. Alpha diversity analysis illustrated a higher cecal bacterial richness in birds fed with XOS at 200 mg/kg. The composition of cecal microbiota modulated by the XOS addition was characterized by an increased abundance of Firmicutes along with a reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, dietary XOS supplementation triggered decreases in Bacteroides and Campylobacter concurrent with increases in Lactobacillus and several short chain fatty acid producers including Desulfovibrio , Faecalitalea , Faecalicoccus , and 5 genera of family Lachnospiraceae. Collectively, dietary XOS addition improved the feed conversion ratio by modulating nutrient digestibility and ileal morphology in laying hens, which could be attributed to the enhancement of bacterial diversity and alteration of microbial composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens

Zhou

et al. 2021

Animal Nutrition

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“…Weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with CTC exhibited greater performance than the CON group, but no differences were observed between the CTC and XOS500 group. Some broiler studies also showed that dietary XOS significantly increased the ADG and reduced FCR (De Maesschalck et al, 2015;Yuan et al, 2018). In addition, Pourabedin et al (2015) found that feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers fed 2 g/kg XOS diets was significantly lower than those fed CTL or 1 g/kg XOS between days seven and 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Growth and Gut Microbiota as Potential Replacements for Antibiotic in Weaning Piglets

et al. 2021

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Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is a well-known kind of oligosaccharide and extensively applied as a prebiotic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of XOS supplementation substituting chlortetracycline (CTC) on growth, gut morphology, gut microbiota, and hindgut short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents of weaning piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments for 28 days, as follows: control group (basal diet, CON), basal diet with 500 mg/kg (XOS500) XOS, and positive control (basal diet with 100 mg/kg CTC). Compared with the CON group, the piglets in the XOS500 group improved body weight (BW) on days 28, average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed: gain ratio during days 1–28 (P < 0.05). The XOS500 supplementation increased Villus height and Villus height: Crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P < 0.05). Villus Height: Crypt Depth of the ileum was also increased in the CTC treatment group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the XOS500 supplementation increased significantly the numbers of goblet cells in the crypt of the cecum. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed distinct differences in microbial compositions between the ileum and cecum. XOS500 supplementation significantly increased the bacterial diversity. However, CTC treatment markedly reduced the microbial diversity (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, XOS500 supplementation in the diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus genus compared to the CON and CTC group in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.01), whereas the level of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Terrisporobacter genus in the XOS500 group were markedly lower than the CON and CTC group (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with XOS500 significantly increased the total short-chain fatty acids, propionate and butyrate concentrations and decreased the acetate concentration compared to the CON group in the cecum (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplemented with XOS500 could enhance specific beneficial microbiota abundance and decrease harmful microbiota abundance to maintain the structure of the intestinal morphology and improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Thus, XOS may potentially function as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in weaned piglets in modern husbandry.

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“…Flavomycin as a phosphorylated polysaccharide antibiotic, and its antibacterial mechanism is to inhibit the reproduction of bacteria by interfering with the biosynthesis of the structural polysaccharide peptide in the cell wall [8]. The growth-promoting principle of flavomycin may be that it improves the digestion of energy and protein in the feed [9]. The antibacterial spectrum of flavomycin is narrow, being mainly effective on Gram-positive bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Flavomycin and Colistin Sulfate Pre-Treatment on Ileal Bacterial Community Composition, the Response to Salmonella typhimurium and Host Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens

Yang

Dong

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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The composition of the bacterial community affects the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of flavomycin and colistin sulfate on the resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection, ileal bacteria and intestinal health. In total, 396 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Two groups were fed each one of the diets—the control diet (CON), the flavomycin at 10 mg/kg diet (AntiG+), and the colistin sulfate at 40 mg/kg diet (AntiG−), for 5 days. Then, one of each of the two groups was challenged with S. typhimurium on the 8th day; these were named CONS, AntiG+S and AntiG−S, respectively. The results showed that S. typhimurium significantly reduced the feed intake and body weight gain, and increased the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). It also increased the inflammatory expressions of NF-κB and MyD88 genes (p < 0.05); and reduced the expressions of claudin-1, occludin and mucin-2 (p < 0.05) tight junction genes in the intestines. S. typhimurium significantly reduced ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species, chao1 and Shannon (p < 0.05). Compared with AntiG+S group, AntiG−S group increased the body weight gain of broiler chickens (p < 0.05), reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (p < 0.05) and intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (p < 0.05). AntiG-S group also improved the ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species and Shannon (p < 0.05). There were many significant correlations between intestinal bacteria, intestinal gene expressions and intestinal morphology (p < 0.05). This study indicated that pre-constructed AntiG− bacteria could against a S. typhimurium infection by inhibiting the expressions of intestinal inflammation genes and increasing the diversity of intestinal bacteria.

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Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens

Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Growth and Gut Microbiota as Potential Replacements for Antibiotic in Weaning Piglets

The Effects of Flavomycin and Colistin Sulfate Pre-Treatment on Ileal Bacterial Community Composition, the Response to Salmonella typhimurium and Host Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens

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