Effects of Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil on the Relaxation of Rat Bladder Muscle in vitro and White Rabbit Bladder in vivo

Abstract

Current and primary treatment modality in overactive bladder includes the administration of anticholinergics. The demand for new agents has been rising since anticholinergics have proven to come with many side effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ylang-ylang essential oil (YYEO) on the relaxation of urinary bladder muscle in vitro and in vivo. Effects of YYEO were assessed on resting tension, and electrical field stimulation- and various drug-induced contraction in vitro by checking the isometric tension changes of muscle strips and same procedures were repeated in the presence of methylene blue, Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), or N-ethylmaleimide, and in vivo. YYEO decreased significantly the contractility of strips. There was no statistically significant difference between the treated group only with YYEO and the pretreated group with YYEO and methylene blue or L-NAME. When N-ethylmaleimide was employed, there was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of contraction. In vivo studies showed the same results compared with in vitro study. The results of this study indicate that YYEO has a relaxing effect on the bladder, and such mechanism is thought to be brought about by a pathway mediated by c-AMP.

Essential Oils and Anxiolytic Aromatherapy

“…f. & Thomson) has been found to cause a decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate and increase attentiveness and alertness in humansgeneral "harmonization" after either inhalation [36] or transdermal absorption [37]. Ylang-ylang oil has also shown in vitro and in vivo urinary bladder muscle relaxant effects [38]. floral essential oil), for example, has been found to reduce anxiety in post cardiac surgery patients [43].…”

“…Ylang-ylang oil has also shown in vitro and in vivo urinary bladder muscle relaxant effects[38]. The major components of ylang-ylang oil are linalool (15-28%),…”

Antispasmodic Effect of Essential Oils and Their Constituents: A Review

“…While several studies confirmed the antispasmodic effect of essential oils extracted from common vegetal species extensively used in Asia or Europe like Cananga odorata [10], Foeniculum vulgare [18] or Artemisia dracunculus [21], other studies showed significant spasmolytic effects of essential oils from less-known plant species like Xylopia langsdorffiana [12], Ferula heuffelii [17] or Hofmeisteria schaffneri [24], proving that new natural sources of bioactive molecules are constantly being discovered.…”

“…Other isolated organs used for the evaluation of antispasmodic effect were rabbit jejunum, rat ileum, bladder or uterus and sheep ruminal and abomasal muscles. An experimental model used in vitro cell cultures [15] and only two experiments used in vivo techniques: rabbit bladder in vivo and gastrointestinal transit test in mouse [10,24]. The ex vivo techniques are predominant due to their use without the limitations of drug bioavailability which may be a problematic issue for the in vivo models.…”

“…The effect was reduced by the preincubation with dibutyryl-cAMP but increased by forskolin, whereas chelerytrine or L-NNA did not modify the response, suggesting an involvement of cAMP in the antispasmodic mechanism of the essential oil. The study of Kim et al [10] showed that essential oil from Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) relaxed the isolated rat bladder muscle, the effect being reduced by N-ethylmaleimide but not by inhibitors of NO pathway, demonstrating the involvement of cAMP. Also, Lis-Balchin and Hart [27] found that essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia induced relaxation of isolated guinea-pig ileum through a rise in intracellular level of cAMP The effects of individual components from essential oils on intracelullar mechanism of antispasmodic effect were less studied.…”