Abstract:Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is the most widely used nanomaterial for environmental remediation. The impacts of nZVI on terrestrial organisms have been recently reported, and in particular, plant growth was promoted by nZVI treatment in various concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the detailed physiological and biochemical responses of plants toward nZVI treatment for agricultural application. Here, the effects of nZVI on photosynthesis and related biochemical adaptation of soil-grown … Show more
“…The plants subjected to the effects of nZVI show various effects, including the stimulation of sprouting or increased biomass [ 44 , 45 ]. As reported by Wang et al [ 17 ], Trujillo-Reyes et al [ 46 ], and Iannone et al [ 47 ], oxidizing ZVI can create FeO particles, such as Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 , which have a non-toxic or positive influence on the increase in growth of Lolium perenne L., Lactuca sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L. This result is in accordance with a previous report on nZVI-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana L., whose yield was found to be 38% higher in relation to the control series [ 48 ].…”
In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to searching for new additives which will effectively facilitate the process of immobilizing contaminants in the soil. This work considers the role of the enhanced nano zero valent iron (nZVI) strategy in the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The experiment was carried out on soil that was highly contaminated with PTEs derived from areas in which metal waste had been stored for many years. The plants used comprised a mixture of grasses—Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. To determine the effect of the nZVI on the content of PTEs in soil and plants, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The addition of nZVI significantly increased average plant biomass (38%), the contents of Cu (above 2-fold), Ni (44%), Cd (29%), Pb (68%), Zn (44%), and Cr (above 2-fold) in the roots as well as the soil pH. The addition of nZVI, on the other hand, was most effective in reducing the Zn content of soil when compared to the control series. Based on the investigations conducted, the application of nZVI to soil highly contaminated with PTEs is potentially beneficial for the restoration of polluted lands.
“…The plants subjected to the effects of nZVI show various effects, including the stimulation of sprouting or increased biomass [ 44 , 45 ]. As reported by Wang et al [ 17 ], Trujillo-Reyes et al [ 46 ], and Iannone et al [ 47 ], oxidizing ZVI can create FeO particles, such as Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 , which have a non-toxic or positive influence on the increase in growth of Lolium perenne L., Lactuca sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L. This result is in accordance with a previous report on nZVI-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana L., whose yield was found to be 38% higher in relation to the control series [ 48 ].…”
In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to searching for new additives which will effectively facilitate the process of immobilizing contaminants in the soil. This work considers the role of the enhanced nano zero valent iron (nZVI) strategy in the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The experiment was carried out on soil that was highly contaminated with PTEs derived from areas in which metal waste had been stored for many years. The plants used comprised a mixture of grasses—Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. To determine the effect of the nZVI on the content of PTEs in soil and plants, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The addition of nZVI significantly increased average plant biomass (38%), the contents of Cu (above 2-fold), Ni (44%), Cd (29%), Pb (68%), Zn (44%), and Cr (above 2-fold) in the roots as well as the soil pH. The addition of nZVI, on the other hand, was most effective in reducing the Zn content of soil when compared to the control series. Based on the investigations conducted, the application of nZVI to soil highly contaminated with PTEs is potentially beneficial for the restoration of polluted lands.
“…Total plant biomass increased slightly with the application of 100–500 mg kg −1 TiO 2 NPs. The extent of plant growth promotion or inhibition in presence of nanoparticles in soil was suggested to be related to plant type as well as nanoparticles types and concentrations ( Yoon et al., 2019 ). Figure 2 The biomass (a) and length (b) of S. bicolor grown in TiO 2 NPs, BC and BC + TiO 2 NPs treatments after 80 days.…”
Association of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
2
NPs) and biochar (BC) to assist phytoremediation of Sb contaminated soil was investigated in this study. Seedlings of
Sorghum bicolor
were exposed to different regimes of TiO
2
NPs (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg kg
−1
) and BC (0, 2.5% and 5%), separately and in combination, to investigate the effects on plant growth, Sb absorption and accumulation and physiological response of the plant in Sb contaminated soil. Co-application of TiO
2
NPs and BC had positive effects on plant establishment and growth in contaminated soil. Greater accumulation of Sb in the shoots compared to the roots of
S. bicolor
was observed in all treatments. Application of BC increased immobilization of Sb in the soil. Using TiO
2
NPs significantly increased accumulation capacity of
S. bicolor
for Sb with the greatest accumulation capacity of 1624.1 μg per pot achieved in “250 mg kg
−1
TiO
2
NPs+2.5% BC” treatment (P < 0.05). Association of TiO
2
NPs and BC significantly increased chlorophyll
a
(Chl
a
) and chlorophyll
b
(Chl
b
) contents of
S. bicolor
compared to the TiO
2
NPs-amended treatments. Results of this study presented a promising novel technique by combined application of TiO
2
NPs and BC in phytoremediation of Sb contaminated soils. Co-application of TiO
2
NPs and BC could reduce the required amounts of TiO
2
NPs for successful phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Intelligent uses of plants in accompany with biochar and nanomaterials have great application prospects in dealing with soil remediation.
“…Li et al ( 2015 ), first reported that very low concentrations of nZVI (40–80 μmol l −1 ) can promote peanut seed germination rate and seedling growth. Yoon et al ( 2019 ), reported that treatment with 500 mg nZVI kg −1 soil, can significantly enhance biomass and photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana . They also found nZVI not only increased plant Fe content but other macro-and micronutrients such as Mg, P, Mn, and Zn levels were increased significantly.…”
In recent decades, nano-scale zero valent iron is reported to have plant growth enhancement capacity under laboratory conditions, but till date, there is no report to highlight its effect on the growth and yield of field-grown plants. In this study, we have evaluated the potential of nZVI priming on rice yield. A two-year field study has been conducted with different concentrations (10, 20, 40, and 80 mg l
−1
) of nZVI for seed priming. The efficacy of nanopriming was compared with the hydroprimed control set. Seeds were treated for 72 h and sown in nursery beds and after 30 days seedlings were transplanted in the field. Root anatomy and morphology were studied in 7 days old seedlings where no changes were found. RAPD analysis also confirmed that low doses of nZVI were not genotoxic. Nanoprimed plants also had broader leaves, higher growth, biomass, and tiller number than control plants. Maximum yield was obtained from the 20 mg l
−1
nZVI primed set (3.8 fold higher than untreated control) which is achieved primarily because of the increase in fertile tiller numbers (two fold higher than untreated control). Higher values of other agronomic parameters like growth rate, net assimilation rate proved that nZVI priming enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and helped in the proper storage of photo-assimilates. All these attributed to increased accumulation of phytochemicals like starch, soluble sugar, protein, lipid, phenol, riboflavin, thiamine, and ascorbic acid in the grains. The elemental analysis confirmed that nZVI priming also promoted higher accumulations of macro and micronutrients in grains. Thus, nanoprimed seeds showed better crop performance compared to the traditional hydropimed seeds. Hence, nZVI can be considered as ‘pro-fertilizer’ and can be used commercially as a seed treatment agent which is capable of boosting plant growth and yield along with minimum interference to the soil ecosystem.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00344-021-10335-0.
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