Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on wastewater treatment and their removal behavior in a membrane bioreactor

Fate, behaviour, and implications of ZnO nanoparticles in a simulated wastewater treatment plant

“…The average removal efficiency of COD observed was 91% in the test chamber; hence the simulated WWTP met the validity criteria as outlined in the OECD 303 A guidelines (OECD 303A, 2001). The COD removal results also suggest that dosing the influent with ZnO ENPs had no significant adverse impacts on the overall treatment efficiency of the stimulated WWTP, which is in agreement with earlier studies (Hou et al, 2013;Tan et al, 2015), especially at low dosing concentrations. In light of our results and currently predicted relevant environmental concentrations of ZnO ENPs of around 24-300 µg/ L, where removal efficiency was assumed to be about 93% (Sun et al, 2014), it is unlikely that ZnO nanoparticles will impact on COD removal in WWTPs.…”

Low biosorption of PVA coated engineered magnetic nanoparticles in granular sludge assessed by magnetic susceptibility

“…Depending on the experimental set-up e.g. batch experiments (Kaegi et al, 2013;Rottman et al, 2012), pilot WWTP (Hou et al, 2013), sequencing batch reactors (Wang et al, 2012) or membrane bioreactors (Tan et al, 2015) the removal of various ENP can differ significantly and thus their fate cannot be directly compared or predicted (Westerhoff et al, 2013). Westerhoff et al (2013) stressed that removal efficiencies from the water phase reported in current literature under different experimental conditions vary between b 10% and N90%.…”

Influence of the size and the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles on cell viability

“…Currently, nanostructured metal oxides are extremely used; their possible applications include catalysts [1,2], sensors [3], environmental remediation applications [4][5][6], medicine [7], solar cells [8,9], cosmetics, and personal care products [10,11].…”