Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate on Power Performance and Indices of Muscle Damage and Stress During High-Intensity Training

Hoffman, Jay R.; Cooper, Joshua J.; Wendell, Michael; Im, Joohee; Kang, Jie

doi:10.1519/13973.1

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…This might explain no significant results observed in our study. We would like to highlight here that numerous study results are consistent with the results of our study and do not confirm the effect of HMB on the activity of CK and LDH [ 6 , 35 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 52 ] or the blood testosterone and/or cortisol concentration [ 3 , 6 , 44 , 46 ] in comparison to the placebo. However, the above ambiguity concerning HMB supplementation may stem from the differences in the type of training and its influence on an athlete’s homeostasis, which may be the determining factor for the effectiveness of such a medication or supplement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…The activity of the creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and the concentrations of the hormones (testosterone and cortisol) and lactate were assessed based on a quantitative analysis of the blood plasma of the athletes using commercial diagnostic tests. In numerous studies concerning HMB, its amount in blood was checked before exercises, in fasting state, and/or early in the morning [ 2 , 3 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 ], and immediately after exercising [ 36 , 47 , 59 ]. In our opinion, in combat sport practice, it is important to evaluate the physiological response not only immediately after exercising, but also a few minutes later, especially when athletes make an effort in a relatively short recovery periods (this concerns mainly combat sports).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, certain studies did not show the effect of HMB on participants involved in resistance training. No significant changes were found in muscle strength [ 35 , 42 , 43 ], power [ 44 , 45 ] and muscle work capacity [ 42 ], fat free mass [ 42 ], fat mass [ 42 , 43 ], muscle damage markers (CK) in blood [ 42 , 44 , 46 ], as well as testosterone or cortisol concentrations in blood [ 3 , 44 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

Durkalec-Michalski

Jeszka

Podgórski³

2017

Nutrients

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The aim of this study was to verify the effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on physical capacity, body composition and the value of biochemical parameters in highly-trained combat sports athletes. Forty-two males highly-trained in combat sports were subjected to 12 weeks of supplementation with HMB and a placebo in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind crossover manner. Over the course of the experiment, aerobic and anaerobic capacity was determined, while analyses were conducted on body composition and levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, testosterone, cortisol and lactate. Following HMB supplementation, fat-free mass increased (p = 0.049) with a simultaneous reduction of fat mass (p = 0.016) in comparison to placebo. In turn, after HMB supplementation, the following indicators increased significantly in comparison to the placebo: the time to reach ventilatory threshold (p < 0.0001), threshold load (p = 0.017) and the threshold HR (p < 0.0001), as well as anaerobic peak power (p = 0.005), average power (p = 0.029), maximum speed (p < 0.001) and post-exercise lactate concentrations (p < 0.0001). However, when compared to the placebo, no differences were observed in blood marker levels. The results indicate that supplying HMB promotes advantageous changes in body composition and stimulates an increase in aerobic and anaerobic capacity in combat sports athletes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

Durkalec-Michalski

Jeszka

Podgórski³

2017

Nutrients

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“…Previous studies which used HMB in trained populations have lasted from 28 days (Kreider et al 1999) to as long as 9 weeks in length (Thomson et al 2009). In general, when using HMB as an intervention in trained individuals, little to no changes in hypertrophy have been found in studies lasting <6 weeks in duration (Hoffman et al 2004; Kreider et al 1999; Slater et al 2001). It is conceivable that a duration of <6 weeks is not long enough to see significant changes in hypertrophy or LBM in experienced, resistance-trained individuals (Ahtiainen et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance-trained individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

et al. 2014

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Methods A three-phase double-blind, placebo-and dietcontrolled randomized intervention study was conducted. Phase 1 was an 8-week-periodized resistance-training program; Phase 2 was a 2-week overreaching cycle; and Phase 3 was a 2-week taper. Muscle mass, strength, and power were examined at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 to assess the chronic effects of HMB-FA; and assessment of these, as well as cortisol, testosterone, and creatine kinase (cK) was performed at weeks 9 and 10 of the overreaching cycle. Results HMB-FA resulted in increased total strength (bench press, squat, and deadlift combined) over the 12-week training (77.1 ± 18.4 vs. 25.3 ± 22.0 kg, p < 0.001); a greater increase in vertical jump power (991 ± 168 vs. 630 ± 167 W, p < 0.001); and increased lean body mass gain (7.4 ± 4.2 vs. 2.1 ± 6.1 kg, p < 0.001) in HMB-FA-and placebo-supplemented groups, AbstractIntroduction Studies utilizing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in trained populations are limited. no long-term studies utilizing HMB free acid (HMB-FA) have been conducted. therefore, we investigated the effects of 12 weeks of HMB-FA supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body composition, strength, and power in trained individuals. We also determined the effects of HMB-FA on muscle damage and performance during an overreaching cycle. respectively. During the overreaching cycle, HMB-FA attenuated increases in cK (−6 ± 91 vs. 277 ± 229 IU/l, p < 0.001) and cortisol (−0.2 ± 2.9 vs. 4.5 ± 1.7 μg/dl, p < 0.003) in the HMB-FA-and placebo-supplemented groups, respectively. Conclusions these results suggest that HMB-FA enhances hypertrophy, strength, and power following chronic resistance training, and prevents decrements in performance following the overreaching.

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“…However, most studies show little benefit of HMB supplementation in athletes. A 2004 study by Hoffman [435] found HMB supplementation to be ineffective in collegiate football players after short term supplementation. It has been hypothesized that HMB will delay or prevent muscle damage; however this has limited evidence as suggested in previous sections.…”

Section: Dietary Supplements and Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

Kreider

Wilborn

Taylor

et al. 2010

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

320

166

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Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of the ergogenic value of nutrition and dietary supplementation in regards to weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement. Our hope is that ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients.

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Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate on Power Performance and Indices of Muscle Damage and Stress During High-Intensity Training

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

The effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance-trained individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

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