Effects ofD-glucose concentration,D-fructose, and inhibitors of enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway on the development and sex ratio of bovine blastocysts

Kimura, Koji; Spate, Lee D.; Green, Mark P.; Roberts, R. M.

doi:10.1002/mrd.20342

Cited by 101 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In order to establish this relationship between G6PD activity and ATP release, RBCs were chemically "aged" by inhibiting G6PD activity with dehydroepiandroesterone (DHEA), a well known noncompetitive steroid inhibitor of G6PD. [31][32][33][34] To further emphasize the relationship between G6PD activity and ATP release, we also confirm that the RBCs from patients with type 2 diabetes have reduced levels of NADPH. 29 Moreover, studies were also performed to determine if aged cells, reported as G6PD activity (through measurement of NADPH), releases less ATP upon stimulation than their younger counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Simultaneous determination of cell aging and ATP release from erythrocytes and its implications in type 2 diabetes

Subasinghe¹,

Spence²

2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a determinant in the antioxidant status of the red blood cell (RBC) and is also used as an indicator of cell age. However, it is unknown if the relationship between antioxidant status, cell age, and RBC-derived adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs immediately or over a period of time. Therefore, the development of a simultaneous determination of G6PD activity (via the determination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)) in RBCs and the determination of deformation-induced RBC-derived ATP is described. The NADPH and ATP were determined while undergoing a chemically-induced aging process via inhibition of G6PD with dehydroepiandroesterone (DHEA). Upon incubation with DHEA for 30 minutes, NADPH levels measured in a flow stream decreased to 7.96 ± 1.10 μM from an original value of 13.20 ± 1.80 μM in a 0.02% solution of RBCs. In order to demonstrate a direct relationship between G6PD activity and deformation-induced ATP release from RBCs, a simultaneous microflow determination of G6PD activity and ATP release was performed. Upon inhibition with DHEA, NADPH levels decreased to 8.62 ± 0.29 μM from its original value of 12.73 ± 0.50 μM while ATP release decreased from 0.21 ± 0.07 μM to 0.06 ± 0.02 μM. These values were validated by an examination of NADPH levels in, and ATP release from, RBC fractions containing younger and older cells (separated by cell density centrifugation). This determination provides evidence that antioxidant status in the RBC and its ability to release ATP, a known stimulus of nitric oxide production, are closely related.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Simultaneous determination of cell aging and ATP release from erythrocytes and its implications in type 2 diabetes

Subasinghe¹,

Spence²

2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Sex ratio, as an important indicator of reproduction health, tends to be skewed by many endogenous or exogenous factors, including altered nutrition [e.g., high-fat diet (37,38) and glucose concentration (39)], environmental conditions [e.g., crowded conditions (40)], and other factors (e.g., IVF processes). However, the underlying mechanisms are likely to be complex and remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization

Tan

Kai

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Dynamic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during normal embryonic development at the preimplantation stage. Erroneous epigenetic modifications due to environmental perturbations such as manipulation and culture of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) are linked to various short-or long-term consequences. Among these, the skewed sex ratio, an indicator of reproductive hazards, was reported in bovine and porcine embryos and even human IVF newborns. However, since the first case of sex skewing reported in 1991, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We reported herein that sex ratio is skewed in mouse IVF offspring, and this was a result of female-biased peri-implantation developmental defects that were originated from impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation (iXCI) through reduced ring finger protein 12 (Rnf12)/X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) expression. Compensation of impaired iXCI by overexpression of Rnf12 to up-regulate Xist significantly rescued femalebiased developmental defects and corrected sex ratio in IVF offspring. Moreover, supplementation of an epigenetic modulator retinoic acid in embryo culture medium up-regulated Rnf12/Xist expression, improved iXCI, and successfully redeemed the skewed sex ratio to nearly 50% in mouse IVF offspring. Thus, our data show that iXCI is one of the major epigenetic barriers for the developmental competence of female embryos during preimplantation stage, and targeting erroneous epigenetic modifications may provide a potential approach for preventing IVF-associated complications.in vitro fertilization | sex ratio | X chromosome inactivation | Xist | Rnf12

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“…We found an enhancement in the pentose phosphate pathway limiting rate H6PD, an X-linked gene, in parthenotes. Expression of H6PD is increased in female embryos , Lopes et al 2007, being involved in metabolic differences between male and female embryos (Iwata et al 2002, Kimura et al 2005, Lopes et al 2007). However, parthenotes have been reported not to overexpress the X-linked genes, H6PD, and XIST , although in the latter study, embryos were picked up on day 7 and the exact blastocyst stage at which they were analyzed was not described .…”

Section: Development and Gene Expression In Parthenotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological differences between in vitro produced bovine embryos and parthenotes

Gómez¹,

Gutiérrez‐Adán²,

Díez³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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Parthenotes may represent an alternate ethical source of stem cells, once biological differences between parthenotes and embryos can be understood. In this study, we analyzed development, trophectoderm (TE) differentiation, apoptosis/necrosis, and ploidy in parthenotes and in vitro produced bovine embryos. Subsequently, using real-time PCR, we analyzed the expression of genes expected to underlie the observed differences at the blastocyst stage. In vitro matured oocytes were either fertilized or activated with ionomycin C6-DMAP and cultured in simple medium. Parthenotes showed enhanced blastocyst development and diploidy and reduced TE cell counts. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes did not vary, but parthenotes evidenced a higher relative proportion of apoptotic cells between inner cell mass and TE. The pluripotence-related POU5F1 and the methylation DNMT3A genes were downregulated in parthenotes. Among pregnancy recognition genes, TP-1 was upregulated in parthenotes, while PGRMC1 and PLAC8 did not change. Expression of p66 shc and BAX/BCL2 ratio were higher, and p53 lower, in parthenotes. Among metabolism genes, SLC2A1 was downregulated, while AKR1B1, PTGS2, H6PD, and TXN were upregulated in parthenotes, and SLC2A5 did not differ. Among genes involved in compaction/blastulation, GJA1 was downregulated in parthenotes, but no differences were detected within ATP1A1 and CDH1. Within parthenotes, the expression levels of SLC2A1, TP-1, and H6PD, and possibly AKR1B1, resemble patterns described in female embryos. The pro-apoptotic profile is more pronounced in parthenotes than in embryos, which may differ in their way to channel apoptotic stimuli, through p66 shc and p53respectively, and in their mechanisms to control pluripotency and de novo methylation.Reproduction (2009) 137 285-295

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Effects ofD-glucose concentration,D-fructose, and inhibitors of enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway on the development and sex ratio of bovine blastocysts

Cited by 101 publications

References 62 publications

Simultaneous determination of cell aging and ATP release from erythrocytes and its implications in type 2 diabetes

Simultaneous determination of cell aging and ATP release from erythrocytes and its implications in type 2 diabetes

Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization

Biological differences between in vitro produced bovine embryos and parthenotes

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