Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure–lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial

Obarzanek, Eva; Sacks, Frank M.; Vollmer, William M.; Bray, George A.; Miller, Edgar R.; Lin, Pao Hwa; Karanja, Njeri; Most-Windhauser, Marlene M.; Moore, Thomas J.; Swain, JaBaris D.; Bales, Connie W.; Proschan, Michael A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.1.80

Cited by 504 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Specifically, the increase in fruit and vegetable consumption and the decrease in saturated fat, fried food, and fast food consumption at worksite A help to explain the observed improvements in blood pressure and lipid concentrations. These benefits are consistent with results of the DASH (i.e., Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet studies (Appel et al, 1997;Sacks et al, 2001;Obarzanek et al, 2001), and are the reason that the DASH eating plan (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006) is recommended in the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005). Furthermore, our observation in the present study that moderate physical activities such as walking promoted higher fitness levels is in agreement with previous intervention studies (Duncan et al, 1991;Dunn et al, 1999;Murphy et al, 2007) and observational studies (Blair and Brodney, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Worksite Opportunities for Wellness (WOW): Effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors after 1 year

Racette¹,

Deusinger²,

Inman³

et al. 2009

Preventive Medicine

111

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Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of a worksite health promotion program on improving cardiovascular disease risk factors. overweight/obese) participated in a cohort-randomized trial comparing assessments + intervention (worksite A) with assessments only (worksite B) for 1 year. All participants received personal health reports containing their assessment results. The intervention was designed to promote physical activity and favorable dietary patterns using pedometers, healthy snack cart, WeightWatchers® meetings, group exercise classes, seminars, team competitions, and participation rewards. Outcomes included BMI, body composition, blood pressure, fitness, lipids, and Framingham 10-year coronary heart disease risk. Methods-InResults-123 participants, aged 45 ± 9 yr, with BMI 32.9 ± 8.8 kg/m 2 completed 1 year. Improvements (P ≤ 0.05) were observed at both worksites for fitness, blood pressure, and total-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol. Additional improvements occurred at worksite A in BMI, fat mass, Framingham risk score, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome; only the changes in BMI and fat mass were different between worksites.Conclusion-A multi-faceted worksite intervention promoted favorable changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors, but many of the improvements were achieved with worksite health assessments and personalized health reports in the absence of an intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Worksite Opportunities for Wellness (WOW): Effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors after 1 year

Racette¹,

Deusinger²,

Inman³

et al. 2009

Preventive Medicine

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[14][15][16] Low-fat diets with reduced saturated fat and cholesterol levels have also been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol levels. [1][2][3]17 The present study demonstrated that a weight-reducing, 25% fat, olestracontaining diet fed for 9 months significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol compared to a control 33% fat diet or standard 25% fat diet. Although dietary saturated fat was somewhat reduced on the FS diet compared to the control (Table 1), the predicted changes in serum lipids from changes in fatty acid composition based on standard equations were considerably less than the observed changes.…”

Section: % Body Fat Changesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…While isocaloric low-fat diets have been shown experimentally to lower total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol relative to high-fat diets, they also appear, at least in the short term, to lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [1][2][3] and raise serum triglycerides. 1 This has caused some to argue that low-fat diets may not be the best nutritional approach for preventing heart disease, 4 although the effect of low-fat diets on lipids is clearly impacted by whether weight is maintained or decreasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of a controlled low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months improves health risk factors in conjunction with weight loss in obese men: the Ole' Study

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of a standard American diet, a traditional low-fat diet, and a low-fat diet containing the fat substitute olestra on risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. DESIGN: A 9-month, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding study comparing three diets: (1) control (33% fat), (2) fat-reduced (FR; 25% fat), and (3) fat-substituted (FS) where olestra replaced 1/3 of dietary fat (33% lipid and 25% digestible fat). Subjects were allowed to adjust their total energy intake as desired, allowing weight to fluctuate. SUBJECTS: A total of 37 healthy, obese men (age 36.771.3 y; body mass index 30.870.4 kg/m 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, hemostatic factors, glucose, insulin, and leptin at baseline and every 3 months. RESULTS: The FS group lost 6.27 kg of body weight by 9 months vs 4.0 kg in the control and 1.79 kg in the FR groups. There was a significant diet main effect on cholesterol (P ¼ 0.002), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P ¼ 0.003), and triglycerides (P ¼ 0.01), all of which decreased in the FS group but not the other groups by 9 months. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) increased in the FR and control groups but was unchanged in the FS group (diet main effect P ¼ 0.04). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in all groups over 9 months (time main effect P ¼ 0.0001). Time main effects were also observed for cholesterol, ApoA1, ApoB, Factor VII, diastolic blood pressure, and glucose. After adjustment for % fat loss at 9 months, the effects of diet on change in risk factors remained significant only for triglycerides. DISCUSSION: Consumption of a low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months produced significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, an effect largely explained by weight loss. Long-term low-fat diet consumption with or without olestra does not decrease HDL cholesterol.

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“…10 The DASH diet also improves measures of cardiovascular disease risk, including LDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. [11][12][13] Peripheral vascular function is an important contributor to BP. In established hypertension, the major abnormality is increased total peripheral resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the DASH diet lower blood pressure by altering peripheral vascular function?

et al. 2009

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We tested whether lowering of blood pressure (BP) on the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet was associated with changes in peripheral vascular function: endothelial function, assessed by flowmediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). We also assessed effects on heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic control of the heart. We allocated 27 men and women to DASH diet and control groups. We measured FMD, ATBF and HRV on fasting and after ingestion of 75 g glucose, before and after 30 days on dietary intervention, aiming for weight maintenance. The control group did not change their diet.The DASH-diet group complied with the diet as shown by significant reductions in systolic (Po0.001) and diastolic (P ¼ 0.005) BP, and in plasma C-reactive protein (Po0.01), LDL-cholesterol (Po0.01) and apolipoprotein B (P ¼ 0.001), a novel finding. Body weight changed by o1 kg. There were no changes in the control group. We found no changes in FMD, or in ATBF, in the DASH-diet group, although heart rate fell (Po0.05). Glucose and insulin concentrations did not change. In this smallscale study, the DASH diet lowered BP independently of peripheral mechanisms.

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Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure–lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial

Abstract: The DASH diet is likely to reduce coronary heart disease risk. The possible opposing effect on coronary heart disease risk of HDL reduction needs further study.

Cited by 504 publications

References 46 publications

Worksite Opportunities for Wellness (WOW): Effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors after 1 year

Worksite Opportunities for Wellness (WOW): Effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors after 1 year

Consumption of a controlled low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months improves health risk factors in conjunction with weight loss in obese men: the Ole' Study

Does the DASH diet lower blood pressure by altering peripheral vascular function?

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