Effects on Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by the Zinc-Added Sol-Gel Bioactive Glass Granules

Abstract

Responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured with zinc-added (2 and 5%) bioactive glass granules were evaluated in terms of cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. MSCs were cultured with different quantities (3, 10 and 30) of glass granules for up to 21 days in the osteogenic medium. Cell growth was stimulated by a small quantity of glasses, particularly those that contained zinc. Osteogenic differentiation, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity, was significantly enhanced by the glasses, particularly with large quantities of glass and for prolonged culturing. Expression of bone-sialo protein (BSP) was significantly up-regulated around the bioactive glass granules. Moreover, the zinc addition significantly altered the ALP and BSP depending on the culture time and glass quantity. Cellular mineralization was improved in all glass samples, and particularly in the 2% zinc-glass. Taken together, the zinc addition to bioactive glass induced the MSCs growth and their osteogenic differentiation, at least to the level of zinc-free glass, and with even higher level observed depending on the quantity and culture time. These findings indicate that the zinc addition to bioactive glass may be useful in development of biomaterials for the stimulation of adult stem cell in bone tissue engineering.

Size‐dependent cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles

“…32,33 The medium was replaced three times per week, and the cells were passaged at subconfluency. A 100 lL aliquot of the cells prepared at a density of 1 Â 10 5 /mL was plated in each well of 96-well plates.…”

Biological Events Occuring on the Biosis–Abiosis Interface: Cellular Responses Induced by Implantable Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds

“…The simultaneously incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and HA nanoparticles in PLLA nanofibers selectively increased adhesion of osteoblast cells and decreased the adhesion of osteoblast competitive cell lines, which was a valuable feature for GBR application [17]. The small trace amount of Mg [46,47], Si [48][49][50], and Zn ions [51,52] integrated in nanofibrous scaffolds have been proved to accelerate cell adhesion and proliferation by delivering the mitogenic stimuli and enhancing channel sensitivity. In addition, chemical signal molecules in the form of growth and differentiation factors [53,54] or plasmid DNA [55,56] incorporated in the nanofibers in a spatially defined manner could achieve corresponding bioactivity in promoting specific differentiation to orchestrate the growth of new tissue.…”

“…The apparent porosity of nanofibers was considered to favor efficient mass transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products [48]. Recent studies have indicated a powerful role of the nanotopographic cues from nanofibers in regulating the osteogenic behavior of stem cells [51,52].…”

Improving the bone forming ability of synthetic bone substitutes using trace element additions

“…A lot of work has been done to incorporate trace elements (e.g. silicon [121,122], zinc [123][124][125][126], strontium [122,127,128]) into synthetic bioceramics and improved biological performance was observed both in vitro and in vivo (e.g. silicon [49,121,129], zinc [39,[123][124][125][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140], strontium [141,122,127,128,131,140,[142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] and fluoride [64,65,67,…”

“…Furthermore, some researchers showed that zinc could induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (i.e. bone marrow stromal cells) [124,125]. These facts indicated a possible role of zinc in ectopic bone formation (osteoinduction).…”