Effects on tadpole snail gene expression after exposure to vinclozolin

Aquilino, Mónica; Sánchez-Argüello, Paloma; Novo, Marta; Martínez-Guitarte, José-Luis

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.015

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…On the other hand, low endosulfan levels were relatively tolerable to adult P. acuta for this short-medium term exposure because the detoxification-related genes were not induced except for one likely related to lipid metabolism. These results are similar to that observed for Vinclozolin 22 , with no induction of the detoxification genes. It is important to note that the exposure was to low concentrations (ppb range) but the time was shorter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similarly, since GSTk1 mRNA was not altered, endosulfan may not affect the processes in which those genes participate. Further research is needed to clarify the meaning of the cyp2u1 alteration, but it is specific since no alteration was observed by Vinclozolin, a fungicide 22 . On the other hand, low endosulfan levels were relatively tolerable to adult P. acuta for this short-medium term exposure because the detoxification-related genes were not induced except for one likely related to lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a hermaphroditic panpulmonate hygrophilid snail that belongs to the Physidae family. Due to its resilience, its ability to be maintained under laboratory conditions, and its differential sensitivity to respond to toxicants, it could be a good model organism for aquatic toxicity testing as we have shown previously [20][21][22][23] . Therefore, we selected this species to analyze the impact of endosulfan on messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in gastropods.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…The main phase I enzymes are part of the cytochrome P450 superfamily 25 , highly conserved monooxygenases that contain a heme prosthetic moiety 26 . We assayed three members of this family in this study: cytochrome P450 2u1 (cyp2u1), cytochrome P450 3a7 (cyp3a7), and cytochrome P450 4f22 (cyp4f22), all of which were previously identified in our laboratory 22 . During phase II, conjugation to glutathione, acetylation, sulfation, or glucuronidation either neutralizes or generates chemicals that can be transported out of the cell 27 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in phase III unwanted molecules are transported outside the cell by ATP-binding cassette transporters, which transport substances that are bound to glutathione, glucuronide, or sulfur 31 ; there is a subgroup known as multidrug resistance proteins because there are involved in resistance to different drugs 32 . MRP1 expression, also referred to as ABCC1, participates in detoxification and has been described in numerous invertebrates, including P. acuta 22,33 . We selected it as a phase III representative.…”

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Endosulfan exposure alters transcription of genes involved in the detoxification and stress responses in Physella acuta

Alonso-Trujillo

Muñiz-González

Martínez-Guitarte

2020

Sci Rep

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Endosulfan is a persistent pesticide that has been in use for more than five decades. During this time, it has contaminated soil, air, and water reservoirs worldwide. It is extremely toxic and harmful to beneficial non-target invertebrates, aquatic life, and even humans upon consumption, which is one of the many dangers of this pesticide since it biomagnifies in the food chain. The effects of three endosulfan concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) on the freshwater snail Physella acuta, an invasive cosmopolitan species, were examined over a week-long exposure period. Alterations in the expression of ten genes related to stress and xenobiotic detoxification were measured against the endogenous controls rpL10 and GAPDH by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. Four genes are described here for the first time in this species, namely Hsp60, Grp78, GSTk1, and GSTm1. The rest of genes were Hsp90, sHsp16.6, cyp2u1, cyp3a7, cyp4f22, and MRP1. cyp2u1, sHsp16.6, and Grp78 expression were all altered by endosulfan. These results suggest a low pesticide concentration activates the acute response in P. acuta by affecting detoxification and stress responses and alter endoplasmic reticulum function and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the newly identified genes extend the number of processes and cellular locations that can be analyzed in this organism. Endosulfan, also known as Thiodan or Thionex, is a polychlorinated compound used as a pesticide or acaricide. It has been in use since the 1950s in China, the European Union, Australia, Mexico, the United States, and India 1 for crops including maize, soybeans, tomatoes, and cotton 2. It is particularly effective in removing aphids, fruit worms, beetles, leafhoppers, moth larvae, and whiteflies 3. However, its highly toxic properties can potentially harm humans and wildlife 4,5. Further, due to its semi-volatility, endosulfan is often found thousands of kilometers away from its intended area of action in soil, water reservoirs, sediments, and even Arctic and Antarctic lakes. These findings prove its persistent character; indeed, it is listed as a persistent organic pollutant in the atmosphere, soil, and water by the Stockholm Convention 6. For this reason, it has been banned in over 80 nations. However, one of the main problems with pesticides as endosulfan is the fact that they are persistent and can be dispersed from air to water bodies. The environmental presence of endosulfan has been evaluated by Mohamed et al., 2019 7 showing values from 0.036 μg/L to 62.3 μg/L in water bodies. Indeed, it is an extremely toxic and harmful compound to beneficial non-target invertebrates living in aquatic media 8-10. Endosulfan is commercially available as a mixture of its isomers, α and β, but higher environmental concentrations correspond to α-endosulfan, since β-endosulfan is naturally converted into α-endosulfan in a slow way due to its higher stability 3. Although they share similar chemical and physical properties, under aerobic conditions the β-endosulfan half-life is approximately 28 days, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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