Effet différentiel du vieillissement sur les processus impliqués dans la génération d'images mentales.

Plaie, Thierry; Isingrini, Michel

doi:10.1037/h0087433

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some studies have found that when no strategy instructions are given, older adults use strategies based on verbal more than mental images (Hulicka & Grossman, 1967; see Rowe & Schnore, 1971, for this outcome and for an exception). This apparent aversion to imagery may occur because it is very resource-demanding and the availability of cognitive resources is generally lower in older adults (Plaie & Isingrini, 2003); consequently, they have greater difficulty initiating the process. However, despite the hypothesis that age differences in the ability to create images (Dirkx & Craik, 1992; Dror & Kosslyn, 1994) influence the production of imagery during study, older adults who are instructed to use imagery can do as well as younger people (Dunlosky & Hertzog, 1998; Dunlosky et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study time allocation deficit of older adults: The role of environmental support at encoding?

Charlotte¹,

Bouazzaoui²,

Isingrini³

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

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The present research evaluated both metacognitive and environmental support accounts of age-related changes in the way study time is adapted to task difficulty. The original aim was to examine whether providing environmental support at encoding would allow older adults to adjust their study time to the task difficulty by using effective encoding strategies. The difficulty of the learning task was manipulated by varying the strength of association of cue-target pairs (i.e., weak vs. strong associates). This allowed us to measure metacognitive control in aging and, specifically, the ability to adjust study time according to task difficulty. The level of environmental support at encoding was manipulated to examine whether it could be used by older adults to adjust their study time according to the task difficulty. In contrast to the classical literature on the effect of aging on metacognitive control, we found that older adults were able to adjust their study time to task difficulty when environmental support was provided. Furthermore, providing encoding strategies with information about their effectiveness helped older adults adjust their study time to task difficulty optimally by improving their strategy use and compensating for their associative memory deficit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study time allocation deficit of older adults: The role of environmental support at encoding?

Charlotte¹,

Bouazzaoui²,

Isingrini³

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

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“…Nevertheless, it is also possible that visualization facilitates cue detection by increasing the activation of the cue in memory or even by increasing the commitment to the intention. Regarding the question of why visual habits are necessary for implementation intentions to be effective, a study by Plaie and Isingrini (2003) showed that compared with younger adults, older adults require more time to form mental images and form less precise images, especially if they have to form mental images on the basis of verbal entries-exactly what the present implementation intentions instructions required. Given these difficulties, an increased habit of using visual techniques could help older adults to form visual images better (faster or with fewer costs) or to pass more easily from verbal instructions to their visual counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Implementation Intentions Improve Prospective Memory and Inhibition Performances in Older Adults: The Role of Visualization

Burkard

Rochat

Emmenegger

et al. 2014

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Implementation intentions have been shown to be a very effective strategy in improving prospective memory in older adults. However, their efficacy in improving inhibition has never been assessed in aging. We thus examined the efficacy of implementation intentions in a prospective memory task and an inhibition task in 87 older participants. Following a crossover design, half of the participants were instructed to form an implementation intention in the prospective memory task, the other half in the inhibition task. The moderating role of working memory, visualization and verbalization habits, and impulsivity were also assessed. Regression analyses revealed that for both tasks, participants benefited from implementation intentions but only if they were used to using visual strategies in daily life. The efficacy of implementation intentions was not moderated by working memory, impulsivity, or the use of verbal strategies in everyday life. Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Le participant doit alors indiquer si la sonde est place ´e ou non sur le nombre ge ´ne ´re ´mentalement a `l'aide des touches du clavier. Deux conditions expe ´rimentales sont pre ´sen- te ´es aux participants (Plaie & Isingrini, 2003). Dans l'une, le stimulus pre ´sente ´est un adjectif nume ´rique; dans l'autre, un stimulus figuratif nume ´rique est pre ´sente ´(voir Figure 1).…”

Section: Proce ´Dureunclassified

“…L'e ´preuve de ge ´ne ´ration d'image mentale utilise ´e est celle propose ´e par Plaie et Isingrini (2003). Consistant a `ge ´ne ´rer l'image mentale d'un nombre dans un encadrement place ´au milieu d'un e ´cran, cette e ´preuve est une adaptation de celle propose ´e par Dror et Kosslyn (1994).…”

Section: Mate ´Rielunclassified

“…´gradation avec l'a ˆge de l'efficience du processus de ge ´ne ´ration d'images mentales complexes (Bruyer & Scailquin, 2000;Dror & Kosslyn, 1994;Plaie & Isingrini, 2003). Les travaux re ´alise ´s sur le processus de maintien temporaire d'images complexes montrent que les capacite ´s des adultes a ˆge ´s diminuent (Dror & Kosslyn, 1994;Feyereisen & Van Der Linden, 1992;Kemps & Newson, 2005).…”

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Implications des processus d'imagerie mentale dans le déficit du codage imagé des informations verbales au cours du vieillissement normal.

Plaie¹,

Thomas²

2008

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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Our study specifies the contributions of image generation and image maintenance processes occurring at the time of imaginal coding of verbal information in memory during normal aging. The memory capacities of 19 young adults (average age of 24 years) and 19 older adults (average age of 75 years) were assessed using recall tasks according to the imagery value of the stimuli to learn. The mental visual imagery capacities are assessed using tasks of image generation and temporary storage of mental imagery. The variance analysis indicates a more important decrease with age of the concretness effect. The major contribution of our study rests on the fact that the decline with age of dual coding of verbal information in memory would result primarily from the decline of image maintenance capacities and from a slowdown in image generation.

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Effet différentiel du vieillissement sur les processus impliqués dans la génération d'images mentales.

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Study time allocation deficit of older adults: The role of environmental support at encoding?

Study time allocation deficit of older adults: The role of environmental support at encoding?

Implementation Intentions Improve Prospective Memory and Inhibition Performances in Older Adults: The Role of Visualization

Implications des processus d'imagerie mentale dans le déficit du codage imagé des informations verbales au cours du vieillissement normal.

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