Background
At present, many protocols for Systematic Reviews (SR) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). This study aimed to analyze the innovativeness and rigorousness of the SR protocols and make recommendations for the design and implementation of future SRs on TCM for COVID-19. This effort is likely to enhance the value of the produced information and prevent the futility of the research.
Methods
PROSPERO was searched comprehensively for identifying SRs of TCM for COVID-19 from the inception of the database to August 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and cross-checked the retrieved information for consistency. The following details were recorded: database, registration time, organizations, types of research included, participants, interventions, and outcome indicators. All extracted data were analyzed by an overview. The “P - participants, I - interventions, C - controls, and O - outcomes (PICO)” included in the protocols were compared for similarity. The outcomes of the included SR protocols were compared with the newly published Core Outcome Sets (COSs).
Results
Eighty protocols of SR related to TCM for COVID-19 were obtained after a primary search; finally, 71 protocols were included. The majority of the protocols were from China. Thirty-two organizations participated in the protocol registrations, including 11 hospitals and 21 universities/colleges. However, some protocols were not innovative or rigorous enough. Such as, the PICO of some protocols were similar. The searched literature was incomprehensive, and PICO was not specific and correct. In addition, outcome indicators—arterial oxygen partial pressure, a fraction of inspired oxygen, respiratory failure, and WHO Clinical Progression Scale—in the newly published COSs were infrequently used and often neglected.
Conclusions
Registering and implementing an innovative and rigorous SR ensures the usefulness of the produced information and avoids the duplication of research and the wastage of resources. It is important to focus on and solve the methodological problems, such as non-specific PICO, incomprehensive literature retrieval, COS application, and incorrect indicator name, in future SR protocols.