Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Abstract

Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01217320.

Effects of long-term low-dose dietary creatine supplementation in older women

“…This notion also appears to hold true regarding bone metabolism. Despite some conflicting results (12,13), clinical trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training on bone mass (9)(10)(11). For instance, it was recently demonstrated that one year of creatine supplementation at a daily dose of 0.1 g/kg bw (~ 7 g) associated with a resistance training program preserved femoral neck BMD and increased femoral shaft superiosteal width in older women (10).…”

“…Moreover, some (9)(10)(11), but not all (12,13), clinical studies have demonstrated a positive effect of creatine supplementation on bone health, particularly in patients with myopathies and in elderly individuals (10,11). In this regard, it was recently demonstrated that 12 months of creatine supplementation combined with resistance training attenuated femoral neck BMD loss to a greater extent than resistance training alone in postmenopausal women (10).…”

Beyond sports: Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle

“…As above reported, creatine is normally converted into creatinine, thus serum concentration of the latter may increase during creatine supplementation despite a normal and stable renal function. In cases where precise evaluation of renal function during creatine supplementation is critical, (51)Cr‐EDTA renal clearance is probably more reliable than creatinine concentration or clearance …”

“…Because the conversion of creatine to creatinine is determined by a chemical balance with a fixed time constant, an increase of total creatine content will automatically result in increased production of creatinine, leading to elevated levels of serum and urine creatinine. Thus, as previously discussed (see the paper by Hayashi et al, reported above in the section “Creatine administration at a dose lower than 10 g/d”), serum concentration of creatinine is very difficult to interpret in these patients (among others, this concept was reiterated by Yoshizumi and Tsourounis). Later research, however, denied that creatinine increases after creatine administration …”

“…Therefore, after creatine administration, a physiological surge of creatinine in the blood occurs, an event that may interfere with renal function evaluation, which, as it is well known, is largely based on creatinine serum concentration and clearance. For this reason, Hayashi et al studied renal function using chromium‐51 labeled ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ((51)Cr‐EDTA clearance), a validated method that provides a reliable assessment of renal function and which, as mentioned, did not indicate renal toxicity in the study considered . In addition, no other side effects from creatine administration were noticed.…”