Efficacy and tolerability of magnesium plus protein for managing hypomagnesemia in pediatric kidney transplant patients

Abstract

We sought to investigate whether magnesium oxide bound to soy protein (MGP) increases serum magnesium concentrations with less diarrhea compared to commonly prescribed magnesium salts. Subjects were switched to MGP at a near-equivalent daily elemental magnesium dose. Mean serum magnesium levels were compared. If magnesium levels remained <1.7 mg/dL after switching to MGP, subjects were enrolled into Part 2 and received a one-time MGP dose adjustment. The MGP daily dose was increased by 266 mg. For both parts 1 and 2, subjects recorded the number and quality of their stools to assess gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of MGP. Twelve pediatric kidney transplant recipients completed Part 1. Mean serum magnesium levels increased from 1.61 (SD 0.1) on standard MG to 1.69 (SD 0.1); t(11) = 2.6, P = .02 on MGP. Five subjects completed Part 2, and all achieved serum magnesium ≥1.7 mg/dL (mean 1.75 mg/dL, SD 0.06; t(4) = 2.7, P = .06). Subjects reported the same number of, but looser bowel movements with MGP; however, individuals did not perceive intolerable GI symptoms with MGP therapy and all chose to remain on MGP at the end of the study. At an equivalent mg/kg/d dose of elemental magnesium, serum magnesium levels on MGP were significantly higher.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B deletion, but not intragenic mutation, might be more susceptible to hypomagnesemia

“…Physiologically, magnesium inhibits the sensitivity of acetylcholine receptors on the endplate membrane. During hypomagnesemia, the repressive effect on the smooth muscle of digestive tract is relieved, which enhances intestinal motility and causes diarrhea in patients 31 . As previously mentioned, the lack of digestive enzyme due to exocrine pancreatic dysfunction was another factor for diarrhea in HNF1B patients.…”

Correction of magnesium deficiency in the body with balneological means: experimental studies

“…Because of magnesium's many functions within the body, it plays a major role in disease prevention and overall health. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with a number of chronic diseases including migraine headaches, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (5,6,7,8) Magnesium must be continuously replenished through foods and water intake because it is not synthesizable. Chronic inadequate intake of magnesium over long period of time can manifest as latent magnesium deficiency with symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, neurological and cardiovascular dysfunctions, reduced bone mineralization and strength.…”