Efficacy of a Mycotoxin Binder against Dietary Fumonisin, Deoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone in Rats

Abstract

It was hypothesized that a mycotoxin binder, Grainsure E, would inhibit adverse effects of a mixture of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in rats. For 14 and 28 days, 8-10 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet, Grainsure E (0.5%), toxins (7 μg fumonisin B1/g, 8 μg of deoxynivalenol/g and 0.2 μg of zearalenone/g), toxins (12 μg of fumonisin B1/g, 9 μg of deoxynivalenol/g, and 0.2 μg of zearalenone/g + Grainsure E), or pair-fed to control for food intake of toxin-fed rats. After 28 days, decreased body weight gain was prevented by Grainsure E in toxin-fed female rats, indicating partial protection against deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1. Two effects of fumonisin B1 were partly prevented by Grainsure E in toxin-fed rats, increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and urinary sphinganine/sphingosine, but sphinganine/sphingosine increase was not prevented in females at the latter time point. Grainsure E prevented some effects of fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol in rats. KeywordsAmes Laboratory, fumonisin; deoxynivalenol; zearalanone; mycotoxin binder; Grainsure E ABSTRACT: It was hypothesized that a mycotoxin binder, Grainsure E, would inhibit adverse effects of a mixture of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in rats. For 14 and 28 days, 8À10 SpragueÀDawley rats were fed control diet, Grainsure E (0.5%), toxins (7 μg fumonisin B1/g, 8 μg of deoxynivalenol/g and 0.2 μg of zearalenone/g), toxins (12 μg of fumonisin B1/g, 9 μg of deoxynivalenol/g, and 0.2 μg of zearalenone/g + Grainsure E), or pair-fed to control for food intake of toxin-fed rats. After 28 days, decreased body weight gain was prevented by Grainsure E in toxin-fed female rats, indicating partial protection against deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1. Two effects of fumonisin B1 were partly prevented by Grainsure E in toxin-fed rats, increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and urinary sphinganine/sphingosine, but sphinganine/sphingosine increase was not prevented in females at the latter time point. Grainsure E prevented some effects of fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol in rats.

The Effects of Mixed Fusarium Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids

“…The administration of FDZ had a synergistic effect on lowering the absolute liver weight. Our finding is dissimilar to other in vivo findings reported in rats [ 15 , 16 , 22 ] and rabbits [ 20 ], where fusariotoxins (individual and combined) did not alter the BWG nor the feed intake. The beneficial effects on growth observed during fusariotoxins’ exposures are mainly observed because of a decrease in AWG over time in the control animals.…”

“…The effects of low doses of fusariotoxins on GGT and ALP are not being intensively investigated in the literature. None of them were responsive in rabbits [ 20 ], whereas the results in rats were inconsistent; Studies [ 15 , 16 ] have reported no response, whereas [ 22 ] showed an ALP increase in Sprague-Dawley male and female rats fed FDZ for 28 days.…”

“…In our study, tertiary FDZ-administration for three weeks elevated the total and corrected Ca and P concentrations. An elevated P concentration was proven in male rats exposed to the tertiary combination of fusariotoxins for 14 days, but the Ca was not responsive [ 22 ]. Both ions are essential for survival, and the bone is their primary storage tissue.…”

“…The co-exposure of animals to several mycotoxins is highly important, ultimately contributing to the prediction process (i.e., additive, synergistic, or antagonistic). The interactive effects of the tertiary fusariotoxins mixture have not been intensively studied, especially in vivo, and only scarce reports are available [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Among toxicological assessment parameters, FA metabolism is receiving profound interest, since lipids are associated with numerous diseases and can provide hints about cells’ physiological status [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Physico-Chemical Properties of Clay Minerals and Their Use as a Health Promoting Feed Additive

“…In vitro gastro-intestinal tract model showed that clays capable of binding to DON were: bentonite, diatomite, sepiolite and zeolite [8]. Qiang et al reported zeolites and bentonites as adsorbents prevented DON, FUM B1 and ZEA toxicity and decreased animal health disorders [51]. The potential adsorption of mineral binders (smectite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, mica, kaolinite, and illite) to DON and ZEA were also shown in vitro by Sabater-Vilar et al [52].…”