Efficacy of a novel oral carbapenem, tebipenem pivoxil (TBM-PI), against experimental otitis media caused by penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in chinchilla

Hotomi, Muneki; Suzumoto, Masaki; Itahashi, Koju; Nagura, Jun; Fukushima, Toshirou; Shimada, Jun; Billal, Dewan S.; Yamauchi, Kazuma; Fujihara, Kazuo; Yamanaka, Noboru

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.023

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Pathogenic aspects of otitis media, as well as the immune response evoked after infection, were analyzed (89). Both this group and other research teams have employed this model in several investigations, including characterization of the inflammatory response to infection (174,216), analysis of the role of pneumococcal virulence factors in disease (217,240) and of the efficacies and kinetics of antimicrobials against purulent and serous otitis media (48,107,108), and vaccine studies (90,150). As seen for other pneumococcal disease agents, the virulence of S. pneumoniae in experimental otitis media induced in the chinchilla varies largely by serotype (90).…”

Section: Chinchilla Gerbil and Guinea Pig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeDisease

2008

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SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high health costs throughout the world. Major diseases caused by S. pneumoniae are otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, pneumococcal infections still have high mortality rates, especially in risk groups. For this reason, there is an exceptionally extensive research effort worldwide to better understand the diseases caused by the pneumococcus, with the aim of developing improved therapeutics and vaccines. Animal experimentation is an essential tool to study the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and test novel drugs and vaccines. This article reviews both historical and innovative laboratory pneumococcal animal models that have vastly added to knowledge of (i) mechanisms of infection, pathogenesis, and immunity; (ii) efficacies of antimicrobials; and (iii) screening of vaccine candidates. A comprehensive description of the techniques applied to induce disease is provided, the advantages and limitations of mouse, rat, and rabbit models used to mimic pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis are discussed, and a section on otitis media models is also included. The choice of appropriate animal models for in vivo studies is a key element for improved understanding of pneumococcal disease.

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Section: Chinchilla Gerbil and Guinea Pig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeDisease

2008

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“…1) are receiving increasing attention [66]. However, many studies question the convenience of antibiotic therapy for this disease: only 13% of children benefit from antibiotic treatment, while about 80% of cases evolve spontaneously [67,68].…”

Section: Antibiotic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches To Fight Streptococcus pneumoniae

Maestro

Sanz²

2007

PRI

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Streptococcus pneumoniae affects millions of people worldwide. It is responsible for a wide spectrum of serious illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis and bacteraemia. The highest rate of pneumococcal disease (and the highest mortality) occurs in young children, as well as in the elderly and the immunocompromised patients. Identification of S. pneumoniae in diagnostic procedures may significantly improve thanks to the descripion of new PCR-derived techniques. Vaccination based on the polysaccharidic capsule, together with benzylpenicillin-derived drugs, constitute the current choices to tackle pneumococcal diseases. However, the wide serotype diversity of S. pneumoniae and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is fostering the development of new methods to fight this microorganism. In this sense, patents documenting the use of novel antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone or tetracycline families have recently been described. Moreover, surface-associated proteins are receiving an increasingly special attention, as they are synthesized by most pneumococcal strains and play an important role in virulence. New patented protein-based vaccines take into consideration these polypeptides. In this article we present the main relevant characteristics of this pathogen and review the most recent methods that have been patented for the prevention, diagnostic and treatment of the pneumococcal diseases.

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“…Even though initially this species was regarded with a strict economic interest (due to the fine textured fur and elegance), in the last period, the species has become an increasingly-encountered patient in veterinary clinics and hospitals as they are bred as pets. Another important aspect is the use of the species in medical research, chinchillas being an experimental model in middle otitis [10][11][12] or ototoxicity studies for certain substances [1,6,12]. Another worth-mentioning domain that focuses lately on the same species is parasitology [5,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Imagistic Aspects of the Aortic Arch in Chinchilla lanigera

Martonos

Lăcătuş

Cocan

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The investigation on the cardiocirculatory system in chinchilla has become increasingly important due to the use of the species in experimental medicine (toxicology, pathology, parasitology etc.). Even though initially this species was regarded with a strict economic interest, in the last period, chinchillas have become an increasingly-encountered patient in veterinary clinics and hospitals. Another aspect is the use of the species in medical research, as experimental model or in parasitology. The present study tackles a combined anatomical and radiological (angiographical) study to accurately describe the vascular anatomy of the initial part of the aortic arch (Arcus aortae).Materials, Methods & Results: The anatomical distribution of collaterals detached from arcus aorticus (brachiocephalic trunk and subclavian arteries) are highlighted in this paper. To do that, the classical stratigraphic anatomical investigation, followed by the radiological study with the help of the contrast substance injected into the vascular bed were used in combination. Several Chinchilla lanigera female carcasses, obtained from a private commercial farming unit in Cluj county, Romania were used for this study. Ten carcasses were used for the anatomical study, being injected into the vascular bed with a mixture of latex and acrylic dye, fixated into formaldehyde 5% and later dissected, while the other ten carcasses were injected at the level of the aortic arch with Visipaque 320 contrast substance and subjected to the angiographical procedure.The anatomical investigation was carried after an initial 5 day-fixation period, while the angiographic procedure was initiated using the TEMCO Grx-01 device and the Veterinary Digital Imaging System® as digital imaging processing software. This combined study shows the differential mode of emergence of the subclavian and carotid arteries in this species. The brachiocephalic trunk is the first large collateral branch arising from the initial part of the aortic cross while the left subclavian artery, in all studied cases, stems from this initial part of the aortic arch. The right subclavian artery arises from the terminal part of the brachiocephalic trunk, at the cranial border of the first rib. The continuation of the trunk is represented by right common carotid artery that follows the right jugular groove. The left common carotid artery emerges at the medial aspect of the first intercostal space as a collateral branch detached from the brachiocephalic trunk, in its initial sector. In respect to the collaterals emerging from the subclavian arteries, our study showed that in all studied cases, four branches arise in sequence- the internal thoracic, dorsal scapular, vertebral and superficial cervical arteries. The existence of the common trunks (internal thoracic, dorsal scapular arteries and superficial and deep cervical arteries (as described by other authors) was not confirmed on the investigated specimens.Discussion: The paper highlights some interesting facts referring to the specific morphology of the aortic arch in chinchilla, as literature data provides some divergent data. Some of the aspects noted are confirmed (the emergence of subclavian arteries) while some others are still subjects to discussion and further investigation (collateral branches of subclavian arteries). Our approach focuses also on the comparative aspects of the morphology of the branches emerging from the aortic arch. According to the available literature, the following species were used as comparison: leporids, Guinea pig, squirrel, yellow-necked mouse, Egyptian mouse, rat, armadillo, nutria, capybara, paca, fox and leopard.

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Efficacy of a novel oral carbapenem, tebipenem pivoxil (TBM-PI), against experimental otitis media caused by penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in chinchilla

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Animal Models ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeDisease

Animal Models ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeDisease

Novel Approaches To Fight Streptococcus pneumoniae

Anatomical and Imagistic Aspects of the Aortic Arch in Chinchilla lanigera

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