Efficacy of Annona muricata (graviola) in experimental spinal cord injury: biochemical and histopathological analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Annona muricata (AM) (graviola) is a plant that grows in tropical regions and is thought to be good for many diseases by local people. Unfortunately, there is no acceptable medical treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) yet. In our study, we investigated the neuropeotective effects of AM leaf extract on SCI in an experimental rat model. METHODS:A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=8). Group 1 was the control group in which only laminectomy was performed. Trauma was induced in four groups after laminectomy. Group 2 (untreated trauma group) was given no medication. In Group 3, a single intraperitoneal dose of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) was administered after trauma. The rats in Groups 4 received a low dose (100 mg/kg) of AM leaf extracts by oral gavage one week before trauma while the rats in Group 5 received a high-dose (300 mg/kg) of these extracts by oral gavage one week before trauma. All rats, including the control group, were sacrificed 24 h after the trauma was created.RESULTS: Tissue samples taken to evaluate the neuroprotective effect were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Inflammatory findings in the trauma group were significantly better in both groups treated with AM. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical motor examination and inclined plane test results. CONCLUSION:Our histopathological and biochemical results showed that AM is an agent with neuroprotective effects in traumatic SCI.

RETRACTED: Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q10 on hippocampal injury in mouse

“…According to the literature, CoQ10 can modulate apoptosis (Doimo et al, ). Ostrowski and colleagues concluded that use of CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) immediately after trauma had protective effects against ischemic injury in experimental models of ischemia in the brain hemispheres and spinal cord (Erol et al, ; Kerimoğlu et al, ; Ostrowski, , ). In our results we concluded CoQ10 alone could have protective effects on hippocampal injury.…”

Ratlarda deneysel spinal kord yaralanmasında Hesperidin’in nöroprotektif etkisi

“…Güncel kılavuzların çoğu, akut SKY için rutin MP uygulamasını önermemektedir [18,19]. Bu nedenle, SKY için farklı terapötik ajanlar (baicalein, graviola, melatonin gibi) deneysel çalışmalarda araştırılmaya devam etmektedir [20][21][22].…”

“…Flavonoidlerin antiinflamatuar aktivitelerinde yer alan moleküler mekanizmaların siklooksijenaz-2, lipoksijenaz ve indüklenebilir NO sentaz gibi proinflamatuar enzimlerin inhibisyonu, NF-kB'nin inhibisyonu ve aktive edici protein-1 ve faz II antioksidan detoksifiye edici enzimlerin, mitojenle aktive olan protein kinazın, protein kinaz C'nin ve nükleer faktör-eritroid 2-ilişkili faktör 2'nin aktivasyonu olduğu öne sürülmüştür [19,20]. SKY' sı sonrası flavanoidlerin nöroprotektif özellikleri, miyelin akson kaybını, glial skar oluşumunu ve astrosit proliferasyonunu azaltarak gösterdiği belirtilmiştir.…”

The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Annona muricata (Graviola) on radiation-induced rat sciatic nerve injury

“…It is suitable for many diseases (such as fever, malaria, diabetes, rheumatism, various cancers) by local people in tropical regions; branches, bark, leaves, seeds and root parts are processed through various processes [18]. AM is known to have anticarcinogenic, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, radioprotective (against gamma rays) and neuroprotective properties [20,[30][31][32]. However, there are limited studies on the radioprotective effect of AM in the literature [30,33,34].…”

“…Another important antioxidant enzyme, GPx, reduces lipid peroxides to hydroxyl lipids and waters by converting glutathione to glutathione disulphide [41]. There are studies in the literature on the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of both crude extracts and phytochemical compounds of AM [30][31][32]. Moghadamtousi et al, examined the effects of AME on wound healing in an experimental injury model.…”