Efficacy of ash for controlling infestations of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpeas

Wolfson, Jane L.; Shade, Richard E.; Mentzer, Paul E.; Murdock, Larry L.

doi:10.1016/0022-474x(91)90006-x

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This agreed with the work of GTZ (1980) as well as Tadesse and Basedow (2005) in which wood ash was suggested to be used at high concentration in order to achieve high effectiveness. Wolfson et al (1991) also reported that wood ash reduced population growth of C. maculatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Protection of cowpea,Vigna unguiculataL. (Walp.) withNewbouldia laevis(Seem.) extracts against infestation byCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius)

Ashamo

Odeyemi

Ogungbite

2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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Evaluation of protectant ability of Newbouldia laevis (Seem.) extracts against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.) was carried out in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity. Extracts from wood ash, leaf, stem and root bark were tested at different concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. One hundred per cent mortality of adult beetles was achieved at all concentrations within 72 h of treatment with extracts except in wood ash at 1% concentration, but they were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the controls. All the extracts were still able to cause high beetle mortality after one, two and three months of cowpea storage at high concentrations (4 and 5%) except wood ash, although there was a slight decrease in mortality during the period of storage. All the extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus when compared with the controls although the reduction was higher at 5% concentration than others. Adult beetle emergence was completely prevented at higher concentrations (4 and 5%) except in wood ash. Both oviposition and adult emergence increased during the months of storage probably because of the slight reduction in the effectiveness of the extracts. The root bark extract was much more effective in reducing oviposition and adult emergence than others throughout the period of storage. The plant extracts of N. laevis was able to protect the cowpea seeds from damage and prevent weight loss. Cowpea seed damage and weight loss was significantly more (p < 0.05) in the controls than other for the three-month duration probably because of the more adult emergence. The extracts from N. laevis did not adversely affect the germination of the protected seeds and seed germination ranged from 86.7 to 100%. It has been shown in this study that the extracts of N. laevis were effective against C. maculatus in cowpea although the root bark extract seemed to be the most effective while the wood ash extract was least effective. Their effectiveness, however, slightly decreased during the period of storage. N. laevis could be incorporated into pest management of stored cowpeas since the products are ecologically safe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Protection of cowpea,Vigna unguiculataL. (Walp.) withNewbouldia laevis(Seem.) extracts against infestation byCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius)

Ashamo

Odeyemi

Ogungbite

2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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“…Golob et al (2002) pointed out that ashes are available in areas where synthetic chemicals are often difficult to obtain. Although there are optimistic reports on the use and efficacy of ashes (Wolfson et al 1991;Katanga and Villet 1996;Chinwanda and Giga 1997) it was found that ash-treated baskets infested by pests are most likely a consequence of improper ash dosage and admixture. According to Golob et al (2002), most studies on the use of ashes to protect cowpeas recommend the use of high doses of ash (5-100% w/w).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Arthropod pests and their natural enemies in stored crops in northern Namibia

2005

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A survey of stored product pests, their natural enemies, grain storage and pest management approaches in northern Namibia was conducted. The survey revealed five types of crop commodities (pearl millet, sorghum, cowpea, maize, feed mixture) stored in four types of grain stores (baskets, bag stags-flat stores, concrete bin, metal containers). No synthetic pesticides or plastic sheeting was recorded. Wooden-ash natural pesticide is the only protectant used. Ten insect pest species were found affiliated to the orders of Coleoptera (Attagenus fasciatus, Callosobruchus subinnotatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum), Lepidoptera (Corcyra cephalonica, Sitotroga cerealella), Psocoptera (Liposcelis paeta) and Blattodea (Blattella germanica). Out of these, seven species were recognized as new stored-products pests for Namibia. Although listed for southern Africa region, no storage pest-mites (Acari) and Sitophilus spp., Prostephanus sp. or Trogoderma sp. beetles were traced. We found four new species of natural enemies of storage pests recruiting from insects (Habrobracon hebetor, Cephalonomia wattersoni, Brachymeria sp.) and mites (Blattisocius tarsalis). The occurrence of natural enemies indicates a potential for pest bio-control in Namibian grain stores.

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“…In many other parts of the world, locally available plants are currently in wide use to protect stored products against damage caused by insect infestation (Golob and Gudrups 1999 ;Akthar et al 2008 ;Tripathi et al 2009 ). In northern Cameroon, cowpeas are traditionally mixed with sieved ash after threshing and the mixture put into mud granary or a clay jar (Wolfson et al 1991 ). In Eastern Africa, leaves of the wild shrub Ocimum suave and the cloves of Eugenia aromatica are traditionally used as stored grain protectants (Powel 1989 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Plant-Derived Natural Insecticides

Shivanandappa

Rajashekar

2014

Advances in Plant Biopesticides

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Most of the chemical insecticides are neurotoxic, acting on targets in the central nervous system such as the membrane ion channels (DDT, pyrethroids), the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (organophosphate, carbamate), and the receptors of neurotransmitters (avermectins, neonicotinoids). The recently introduced diamide group of insecticides target the novel ryanodine receptor in the nervous system. Since pests continue to evolve resistance to compounds currently in use, new compounds with new modes of action are needed. Natural products could be a promising source for novel pest control agents. The origin of many of the important insecticide classes is traceable to a natural source as in the case of pyrethroids, avermectins, spinosads, and neonicotinoids. Although insect control agents acting on targets other than the nervous system such as insect growth regulators (e.g., azadirachtin, JH analogues, ecdysone antagonists) have been developed, due to their lack of contact toxicity, they are not quite successful, but fi nd a place in the integrated pest management. Recent progress in understanding the biology of insect olfaction and taste offers new strategies for developing selective pest control agents. Decalesides, recently discovered natural insecticides, represent a new class of plant-derived insecticides targeting the tarsal gustatory receptors. In this chapter, we focus on the toxicity and mode of action of natural insecticides.

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Efficacy of ash for controlling infestations of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpeas

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Protection of cowpea,Vigna unguiculataL. (Walp.) withNewbouldia laevis(Seem.) extracts against infestation byCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius)

Protection of cowpea,Vigna unguiculataL. (Walp.) withNewbouldia laevis(Seem.) extracts against infestation byCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius)

Arthropod pests and their natural enemies in stored crops in northern Namibia

Mode of Action of Plant-Derived Natural Insecticides

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