Efficacy of Caffeic Acid on Diabetes and Its Complications in the Mouse

Abstract

Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction, and target major organs in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on mouse weight and survival, serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid parameters and atherogenic indices, oxidative damage in blood, liver and kidney tissue, pathophysiological changes and their function markers in healthy and alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg−1). Two days later, CA (50 mg kg−1) was given intraperitoneally for seven days in diabetic mice. Diabetes affected glucose level, lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters, induced DNA damage and apoptotic/necrotic death in whole blood cells, liver and kidney, leading to weight loss and a decreased lifespan. CA treatment of diabetic mice revealed a protective effect on the liver and kidney, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and high protection against atherogenic outcomes. The obtained results suggest that CA is a safe and potent agent against diabetes that acts as an effective antioxidant in reducing serum glucose, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, leading to increased lifespan in mice.

Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review

“…CA was found able to reduce the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the liver after a HFD obese induction [ 72 ]. Besides CA’s ability to revert dyslipidemia by reducing TG and TC, studies have shown that CA was able to revert hepatic steatosis in the long run [ 49 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. In a recent in vivo study, a 12 week CA supplementation on HFD obese mice revealed that CA was able to reduce body weight and fat accumulation together with readings of improved lipid profile with an increased HDL [ 56 ].…”

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenols from the polyherbal formulation of Cinnamomum verum, Origanum majorana, and Origanum vulgare and their anti-diabetic capacity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Coumarin, known to regulate oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) ( Singh et al., 2020 ). Caffeic acid supplementation of diabetic mice indicated a protective effect on the kidney and liver, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities ( Oršolić et al., 2021 ). Rosmarinic acid in hyperglycemia reduces plasma glucose level and increase insulin sensitivity ( Ngo et al., 2018 ).…”

Antioxidant and Anti-Atherogenic Activities of Essential Oils from Myrtus communis L. and Laurus nobilis L. in Rat

“…The unhemolyzed serum was used for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations. All lipid parameters were analyzed based on enzymatic methods as described by [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The liver, kidney and spleen of each rat were dissected and weighed, and tissues were used to determine oxidative and anti-oxidative status by measured the lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and catalase activity (CAT) as well as for antioxidative capacity analysis by methods, such as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) •+ free radical scavenging activity.…”

“…The unhemolyzed serum were used for the analysis of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations. All lipid parameters were analyzed based on the enzymatic methods as described by [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Firstly, it involves the precipitation of the lipoprotein fractions of LDL-C and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in the samples using phosphotungstic acid and magnesium ions, while HDL-C remains in the supernatant. The second step involves HDL-C quantitation contained in the supernatant using the cholesterol (reagents) modified enzymatic method, as described in [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In the presence of peroxidation, the generated hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine, forming a purple-bluish dye that is directly proportional to the cholesterol concentration.…”