The growing demand of fresh fruit and vegetable, free of pathogens and chemical residues, requires the application of safe and sustainable technologies for extending the storage life of these products. Furthermore, a very interesting and profitable activity is the isolation/extraction of pure natural (herbal) components that could be used by food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic companies. In this context, several technologies have been developed in order to preserve fruits and vegetables during postharvest, also by using biocontrol agents, natural antimicrobials, GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) agents and physical treatments, and to recover valuable compounds as essential oil (from leaf, skin, pulp, or seed) using the most appropriate technology (extraction, distillation, or drying). In this chapter, authors, focusing on some of Mediterranean basin productions that are components of the Mediterranean diet, describe the main sustainable and innovative technologies and the related plants, suitable for management of fruits and vegetables postharvest and for recovery of essential oils from plant materials.