Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Case Study

Abstract

Objectives This study examined the effect of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), depression, and disability of patients. Methods In this article, we present a single subject experimental design with multiple baselines. The subjects of the study were patients with BDD in Sanandaj city. Purposive sampling was used, and after obtaining diagnostic interview and qualifications of the study, subjects underwent the treatment process. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (DBI-II), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and clinical interview were used as diagnostic tools. Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy was employed for 15 sessions of one and a half hours and for two sessions per week. For data analysis, we used a single-case analysis using graphs and comparison of mean and median positions. Results The results showed that participants' scores in BDD, depression, and disability decreased noticeably. Treatment outcomes were continued up to four months of follow-up period as well. Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is effective in improving BDD, depression, and disability of these patients.

Delusional Misidentification Syndromes: Psychopathology and Culture

“…An Iranian study using single-subject methodology found that CBT improved patient's BDD symptoms as well comorbid depression and disability (Abbarin et al, 2018). A case study of a single adolescent female patient found that intensive CBT and exposure/response prevention reduced levels of general anxiety and increased functioning (Neziroglu et al, 2018).…”

Factor structure, validity, and reliability of a Persian version of the Body and Appearance Self-conscious Emotions Scale

“…Past research has positively (or negatively) associated body- and appearance-related guilt and shame with several disruptive (or adaptive/healthy) behaviors and cognitions. For instance, body guilt and shame have been positively related to negative affect (Castonguay et al, 2014), body dysmorphic symptoms (Abbarin et al, 2018; Weingarden et al, 2016), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Weingarden et al, 2016), and depressive symptoms (Brunet et al, 2019; Castonguay et al, 2014). Conversely, guilt and shame have been negatively associated with physical activity (Castonguay et al, 2015) and positive affect (Brunet et al, 2019; Castonguay et al, 2014).…”