Efficacy of Disinfectants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Isolated from La Guajira, Colombia

Abstract

Banana, the main export fruit for Colombia, is threatened by Fusarium wilt (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), tropical race 4 (TR4). Pathogen containment through disinfecting tools, machinery, shoes, and any means that may carry contaminated soil particles with proper disinfectants is at the forefront of disease management. In this study, the biocide efficacy of 10 commercial quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) products and one based on glutaraldehyde (GA) were evaluated on both reproductive structures (microconidia and macroconidia) and survival spores (chlamydospores) of Foc TR4 (strain 140038) isolated from La Guajira, Colombia. QACs were evaluated at 1200 ppm and two exposure times: <1 and 15 min in the absence or presence of soil. For GA disinfectant, four different concentrations (500, 800, 1200, and 2000 ppm) were evaluated at both contact times in the presence of soil. In the absence of soil, all QACs showed 100% biocidal efficiency against microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores at both <1 and 15 min. The presence of soil decreased the efficacy of disinfectants, but some of them, such as QAC3_1st, QAC7_4th, and QAC5_4th, showed 98%, 98%, and 100% efficacy against Foc TR4 chlamydospores, respectively, after <1 min of contact time. For instance, the GA-based disinfectant was able to eliminate all Foc TR4 propagules after 15 min for all concentrations tested.

Multi-site fungicides suppress banana Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

“…To address this, we developed new techniques to study this pathogen. Previous work assessed fungal colony diameter on agar plates as a measure of fungicide efficacy [ 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 ], which emphasises radial hyphal growth. However, we show that FocTR4 and FocR1 survive azole, SDHI and strobilurin treatment in PDA medium as swollen and irregular hyphae.…”

“…The best protection against Panama disease was provided by dodine and C 18 DMS. Cationic surfactant molecules are well-known to have anti-fungal activity [ 73 ] and quaternary ammonium compounds, such as BAC and DDAC, have been used to clear contaminated agricultural equipment from FocTR4 [ 15 , 16 ]. Both compounds kill spores [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], but were previously tested at concentrations likely to cause phytotoxicity and environmental impacts if extended to field usage [ 74 ].…”

“…The best way to control fungi on crops is with fungicides [ 12 ]. Moreover, disinfectants are used to clean contaminated agricultural equipment [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Studies on the effect of various fungicides on FocTR4 in vitro [ 13 , 17 , 18 ] or in vivo , by corm injection [ 19 ], bare root immersion and/or soil drenches [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 20 ] provided contradictory results.…”

Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Using Natively Isolated Bacillus spp. YN0904 and YN1419

“…The chemical components of some fungicides have a disinfecting effect on TR4 in vitro, but the control effect in soil environment is not clear, and it is unfriendly to the environment [31]. At present, chemical control measures have no significant effect on the control of FWB in the field, and biological control is the most potential and effective method [1].…”

Synchronized Efficacy and Mechanism of Alkaline Fertilizer and Biocontrol Fungi for Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

“…The most widely used methods to control banana Fusarium wilt are chemical and agricultural measures as well as disease resistant variety release. The chemical control includes quaternary ammonium compounds, soil disinfectants, propiconazole and the other chemical agents which are used to kill pathogens in the soil directly [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The advantages of chemical control are quick, economic, simple and effective in a short period.…”