Efficacy of fipronil combined with permethrin commercial spot on (Effitix®) preventing Culex pipiens from feeding on dogs

Abstract

A controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess the adulticidal and anti-feeding effectiveness of a spot-on combining fipronil and permethrin (Effitix®, Virbac, Carros, France) in preventing Culex pipiens from feeding on dogs. Twelve dogs with equal sensitivity to mosquitoes were included in the study and divided into two groups of six dogs: an untreated control group and a group treated with Effitix®. All dogs were challenged with 80 females C. pipiens for 90 ± 5 min on days −7, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (day 0 being treatment day). The number of engorged, dead, and live mosquitoes was determined after each exposure to treated and untreated dogs. Dead mosquitoes were also counted 24 h after exposure. The anti-feeding effect of the spot-on formulation was 100, 99.5, 97.7, 98.3, and 96.7 % on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. The mortality effect was 66.6, 55.9, 38, 17.2, and 12.3 % on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. At each challenge point, the mortality and anti-feeding effects on mosquitoes were significantly different between the control and treated group (p < 0.05). The results indicate that a combination of permethrin and fipronil could be used as an effective mosquito control strategy in dogs and is therefore recommended for use in a dirofilariasis prevention program.

Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin (Vectra® 3D) against Culex pipiens in dogs

“…Recent studies reported the efficacy of other combinations containing permethrin combined with fipronil (Effitix®, Frontline Tri-Act®/Frontect®) on the same target, Culex pipiens ( Fankhauser et al, 2015 , Franc et al, 2015 ). The feeding inhibition provided by Vectra® 3D was similar or even better to the one obtained with these both new spot-on formulations containing approximately the same dose of permethrin.…”

“…The feeding inhibition provided by Vectra® 3D was similar or even better to the one obtained with these both new spot-on formulations containing approximately the same dose of permethrin. The repellency of Effitix® against C. pipiens was 100% (Day 1), 99.5% (Day 7), 97.7% (Day 14), 98.3% (Day 21) and 96.7% (Day 28) ( Franc et al, 2015 ) while the efficacy of Frontline Tri-Act®/Frontect® was a bit lower with 99.4% (Day 1), 98.9% (Day 7), 94.7% (Day 14), 91.7% (Day 21) and 90.4% (Day 28) ( Fankhauser et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Therefore it is important to establish an integrated control programme against these mosquitoes to prevent pathogen transmission to humans and animals in endemic areas. Integrated programmes include the use of mosquito repellents, and one current approach involves the use of existing molecules in combination ( Tiawsirisup et al, 2007 , Fankhauser et al, 2015 , Franc et al, 2015 ). Pyrethroids such as permethrin and deltamethrin have a recognized efficacy against sandflies and mosquitoes, and have been used widely in companion animals ( Meyer et al, 2003 , Beugnet and Franc, 2012 ).…”

Treatment of Harvest Mite Infestation in Dogs Using a Permethrin 54.5% and Fipronil 6.1% (Effitix®) Topical Spot-On Formulation

“…The product is licensed in dogs to be used against infestations with fleas and/or ticks and when repellent activity is also necessary against sand-flies and/or mosquitoes. The product has a persistent insecticidal/acaricidal efficacy for up to 4 weeks against fleas [15], ticks [16,17], sandflies [18], and mosquitoes [19]. Very recently, the product was successfully evaluated on adult triatomines (Rhodnius prolixus) in dogs [20].…”

Vector-borne nematode diseases in pets and humans in the Mediterranean Basin: An update

“…Several approved compounds of macrocyclic lactones (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, and selamectin) administrated alone or in combination with other parasiticides are available for oral administration or topical application [3]. Finally, external repellent antiparasitic agents containing synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin, or permethrin are particularly suitable for the control of vectors of dirofilariosis (a repellent effect against mosquitoes) and their efficacy has been demonstrated both experimentally and in field studies [65-67]. One of them, based on a dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen combination has recently demonstrated its effectiveness in the prevention of canine dirofilariosis in combination with a macrocyclic lactone [68].…”