Efficacy of fipronil‐(S)‐methoprene, metaflumizone combined with amitraz, and pyriprole commercial spot‐on products in preventing <i>Culex pipiens pipiens</i> from feeding on dogs

Bouhsira, Émilie; Fysikopoulos, A.; Franc, Michel

doi:10.1136/vr.165.5.135

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A high percentage of the mosquitoes fed on the untreated control dogs on each exposure day of each study. The feeding percentages in the current studies are similar to those reported in previous dog studies using A. aegypti and C. pipiens [ 9 , 15 , 16 , 21 ] . The feeding rate was lower in Study 1, with a GM of 18.3 to 38.0 (of approximately 75 A. albopictus used for each exposure) having fed during the exposure period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The excellent duration of effect of the new combination may relate to the product’s formulation, the combination of the effects of permethrin with those of fipronil, or other factors. Fipronil is a broad spectrum insecticide and has been reported to have activity against mosquitoes [ 21 ]. Combining two active ingredients that both have activity against mosquitoes may lead to improved activity of the product for a longer duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs

Fankhauser¹,

Dumont

Hunter³

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundThree laboratory studies were conducted to assess the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a combination of fipronil and permethrin (Frontline Tri- Act®/Frontect®) against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs.MethodsIn each study, 16 healthy adult dogs were allocated to two groups. Eight dogs were treated with the new topical spot-on combination of fipronil and permethrin on Day 0 and the other eight dogs served as untreated controls. Each dog was exposed to mosquitoes on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 (and also on Day 35 in the A. aegypti study). After a 1-h exposure period, all mosquitoes were counted and categorized as live or dead and fed or non-fed. Live mosquitoes were kept in an insectary and observed for mortality counts 4, 24 and 48 h post-exposure (PE) for Aedes spp. and 24 and 48 h PE for C. pipiens. Repellency and insecticidal efficacies were defined as the percent reduction in the number of fed and live mosquitoes, respectively, in the treated group as compared to the untreated control group.ResultsRepellency against A. albopictus was ≥93.4% through Day 21 and 86.9% on Day 28. It was ≥91.0% through Day 35 against A. aegypti and ≥90.4% through Day 28 against C. pipiens. Insecticidal efficacy against A. albopictus was ≥97.1% at 24 h PE from Day 7 to Day 28. It was ≥98.0% for the first 3 weeks and still 75.7% on Day 35 against A. aegypti at 24 h PE. For C. pipiens, insecticidal efficacy ranged from 93.8% (Day 7) to 30.9% (Day 28) at 48 h PE.ConclusionsA single topical administration of the combination of fipronil and permethrin provides repellency against mosquitoes on dogs for at least 4 weeks. The product may therefore significantly reduce the potential for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens through the inhibition of mosquito feeding, as well as the discomfort associated with mosquito bites. Moreover, mosquito mortality was induced by contact with the treated dogs, which could aid in the control of mosquitoes, and hence the control of mosquito-borne diseases, in the local vicinity of treated dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs

Fankhauser¹,

Dumont

Hunter³

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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“…In addition, this approach includes vector mosquito control using conventional methods such as insecticide application, biological control, drainage of standing water and direct treatment of animals, particularly dogs, by topical application of repellent ectoparasiticides to repel and kill infected or uninfected adult mosquitoes before biting and transmission of mf to mosquitoes or L 3 to dogs occur [21,22]. For some time, it has been known that topical administration of insecticides is effective in reducing vector mosquito populations [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. It has only recently been shown that oral administration of some isoxazalines has a similar effect [23] (in this issue) [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inability of Dirofilaria immitis infective larvae from mosquitoes fed on blood from microfilaremic dogs during low-dose and short-treatment regimens of doxycycline and ivermectin to complete normal development in heartworm naïve dogs

et al. 2023

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Background This study was conducted to determine whether heartworm infective larvae (L3) collected from mosquitoes fed on dogs during low-dose, short-treatment-regimen doxycycline and ivermectin could develop normally in dogs. Methods Twelve Beagles in a separate study were infected with 10 pairs of adult male and female Dirofilaria immitis by IV transplantation and randomly allocated to three groups of four dogs. Starting on Day 0, Group 1 received doxycycline orally at 10 mg/kg sid for 30 days plus ivermectin (min., 6 mcg/kg) on Days 0 and 30; Group 2 received doxycycline orally at 10 mg/kg sid until individual dogs became microfilaria negative (72–98 doses) and ivermectin every other week for six to seven doses. These dogs served as microfilaremic blood donors for the current mosquito studies. Aedes aegypti were allowed to feed on group-pooled blood samples from treated Groups 1-M and 2-M and untreated control Group 3-M on Days 22 (Study M-A) and 42 (Study M-C) and from Groups 1-M and 2-M on Day 29 (Study M-B) after treatment was started. From the Day 22 mosquito feeding, two dogs in Groups 1-M and 2-M and one dog in Group 3-M were given 50 L3 by SC inoculation. From the Day 29 feeding, two dogs in Groups 1-M and 2-M were given 50 L3. From the Day 42 feeding, two dogs in Group 1-M received 30 L3, while two dogs in Group 2-M and one dog in Group 3-M received 40 L3. All 14 dogs were necropsied for recovery and enumeration of adult heartworms 163–183 days PI. Results None of the 12 dogs that received L3 from mosquitoes fed on blood from treated dogs 22, 29 or 42 days after treatment started had any adult heartworms at necropsy, while the two control dogs had a total of 26 and 43 heartworms, respectively. Conclusions Treatment of microfilaremic dogs with doxycycline plus an ML, which later renders the L3 incapable of normal development in the animal host, widens the scope of the multimodal approach to heartworm prevention in reducing the spread of heartworm disease. Graphical Abstract

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“…This could be explained by the fact that dogs were treated at the minimal dose of the product, i.e., 50.48 mg kg −1 of permethrin and 6.76 mg kg −1 of fipronil versus 67.7 mg kg −1 of permethrin and 7 mg kg −1 of fipronil in our study. A previous study had been carried out in the same laboratory as the current study to assess the repellency and the insecticidal efficacy of fipronil combined with (S) methoprene on the same European strain of C. pipiens (Bouhsira et al 2009 ). The repellency rate was 40.2 % on day 1 and 45.8 % on day 7 respectively while the insecticidal efficacy was 32.3 and 51.8 % on the same days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrethroids such as permethrin and deltamethrin are known to be effective against sandflies and mosquitoes and are widely used in companion animals (Beugnet and Franc 2012 ). Other molecules such as fipronil, metaflumizone, and pyriprole are effective against fleas and tick, but could not be used to prevent mosquitoes from biting dogs (Bouhsira et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of fipronil combined with permethrin commercial spot on (Effitix®) preventing Culex pipiens from feeding on dogs

et al. 2015

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A controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess the adulticidal and anti-feeding effectiveness of a spot-on combining fipronil and permethrin (Effitix®, Virbac, Carros, France) in preventing Culex pipiens from feeding on dogs. Twelve dogs with equal sensitivity to mosquitoes were included in the study and divided into two groups of six dogs: an untreated control group and a group treated with Effitix®. All dogs were challenged with 80 females C. pipiens for 90 ± 5 min on days −7, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (day 0 being treatment day). The number of engorged, dead, and live mosquitoes was determined after each exposure to treated and untreated dogs. Dead mosquitoes were also counted 24 h after exposure. The anti-feeding effect of the spot-on formulation was 100, 99.5, 97.7, 98.3, and 96.7 % on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. The mortality effect was 66.6, 55.9, 38, 17.2, and 12.3 % on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. At each challenge point, the mortality and anti-feeding effects on mosquitoes were significantly different between the control and treated group (p < 0.05). The results indicate that a combination of permethrin and fipronil could be used as an effective mosquito control strategy in dogs and is therefore recommended for use in a dirofilariasis prevention program.

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Efficacy of fipronil‐(S)‐methoprene, metaflumizone combined with amitraz, and pyriprole commercial spot‐on products in preventing Culex pipiens pipiens from feeding on dogs

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs

Repellent and insecticidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens) on dogs

Inability of Dirofilaria immitis infective larvae from mosquitoes fed on blood from microfilaremic dogs during low-dose and short-treatment regimens of doxycycline and ivermectin to complete normal development in heartworm naïve dogs

Efficacy of fipronil combined with permethrin commercial spot on (Effitix®) preventing Culex pipiens from feeding on dogs

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