Efficacy of Foliar Urea as an N Source in Substainable Citrus Production Systems

El-Otmani, M.; Ait-Oubahou, A.; Zahra, Fatimah; Lovatt, Carol J.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.594.82

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Similar enhancement in fruit physical and biochemical characteristics obtained in the present study by the different sprayed substances specially fruit weight and size, and peel weight is also reported (Agusti et al, 1994;Alberigo, 2002;El-Otmani et al, 2002;Harty et al, 2004). Marzouk and Kassem (2002) reported an increase in fruit length/diameter ratio in Washington Navel orange trees by spraying 2,4-D, in both pea and marble stages and calcium chloride at the marble stage only.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Both macro and micro-nutrients such as N, Ca and Bo are critical nutrients for fruit growth and quality (Shoeib and El-Sayed, 2003). Urea was reported to enhance fruit size, peel thickness and juice (El-Otmani, 2002). Its application as foliar sprays is reported to be absorbed rapidly and efficiently by leaves of most fruit crops (Johnson et al, 2001) and are commonly sprayed in citrus plantation without causing any phytotoxic effects (Alberigo, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of different agrochemicals foliar sprays on postharvest<br>fruit quality of Navel orange

Kassem¹,

Marzouk²,

El-Kobbia³

et al. 2011

Emir. J. Food Agric

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The present investigation was carried out during the two successive growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 on Washington Navel orange trees grown at El-Tarh region, El-Behera Governorate, in order to study the effect of spraying orange trees with different agrochemicals on fruit quality. For the present study, 96 trees were selected as uniform as possible and divided into two groups. The first group was subjected to the foliage treatments when the fruit reached pea size (5mm in diameter) and the second at marble size (15mm in diameter). Fruit weight was significantly increased in both seasons by spraying 2,4-D + boric acid at the pea or marble stages. In addition, spraying 2,4-D + boric acid at the marble stage only increased fruit length .Vitamin C content was not affected by all sprays at the pea stage, whereas it was significantly increased in the first season by spraying 2,4-D, 2,4-D + calcium chloride, 2,4-D+ calcium acetate, urea or boric acid alone at the marble stage. In the second season, fruit acidity was increased by spraying boric acid at both pea and marble stage, whereas, it was decreased by spraying 2,4-D + calcium chloride (pea stage) and 2,4-D + boric acid (marble stage). Spraying 2,4-D + calcium super phosphate at pea or marble stage significantly increased TSS percent. In addition, all treatments enhanced fruit color in both pea and marble stages over the control, especially, treatments that included foliar spray of 2,4-D. In general, most 2,4-D sprays combined with other compounds had significant influence on fruit quality characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of different agrochemicals foliar sprays on postharvest<br>fruit quality of Navel orange

Kassem¹,

Marzouk²,

El-Kobbia³

et al. 2011

Emir. J. Food Agric

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“…Foliar N treatments improved fruit yield mainly due to increases in the number of fruits per tree, with the best results being obtained with the treatments supplying 2.7 and 24.4 g N/tree (nN1 and U1, respectively). Increases in yield and number of fruits per tree with N fertilization have been previously reported on citrus (El-Otmani et al, 2002;Lovatt, 1999), apple (Amiri et al, 2008), sweet cherry (Mitre et al, 2012), and mango (Sarker and Rahim, 2013), whereas in pomegranate trees it has been reported that soil urea application increased fruit yield and number of fruits per tree, with urea sprays being ineffective in increasing fruit yield (Hasani et al, 2016). Processing of N uptake by plant roots can be limited by soil low temperature and low activity of roots, whereas foliar N application is insensitive to those factors (Etehadnejad and Aboutalebi, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of Foliar Nano-nitrogen and Urea Fertilizers on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Ardestani) Fruits

Davarpanah¹,

Tehranifar²,

Davarynejad³

et al. 2017

horts

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of foliar fertilization with a nitrogen (N) fertilizer containing nanoparticles (nN) with those of foliar fertilization with urea on the characteristics of pomegranate fruits cv. Ardestani. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (trees) per treatment during two consecutive years, 2014 and 2015. Two foliar applications of nN (0.25 and 0.50 g N/L, equivalent to ≈1.3 and 2.7 g N/tree or 0.9 and 1.8 kg N/ha; nN1 and nN2, respectively) and urea (4.6 and 9.2 g N/L, equivalent to ≈24.4 and 48.8 g N/tree or 16.3 and 32.5 kg N/ha; U1 and U2, respectively) were applied at full bloom and 1 month later, and trees not treated with any N fertilizer were used as a control. Results show that foliar N fertilization increased fruit yield (by 17% to 44%) and number of fruits per tree (by 15% to 38%). The highest fruit yields (17.8 and 21.9 kg/tree) and number of fruits per tree (62.8 and 70.1/tree) were obtained with the treatment nN2 (1.8 kg N/ha), whereas the lowest fruit yields (12.4 and 16.2 kg/tree) and number of fruits per tree (45.5 and 55.3/tree) were recorded in the control trees. The treatments U1 and nN2 increased fruit length (the latter only in the second season), whereas the treatment U1 increased average fruit weight (10% to 11%). The treatment nN2 increased aril juice and total soluble solids (TSS) in both seasons and titratable acidity (TA) only in the first one, whereas the treatment U1 increased TSS in both seasons and aril juice and TA in the second season. Treatments nN2 and U1 also increased total sugars and decreased total anthocyanins. On the other hand, fruit diameter, fruit cracking, peel thickness, aril content, weight of 100 arils, juice pH, maturity index, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic compounds were unaffected by N fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased the leaf concentration of N, whereas the leaf concentrations of P, K, Mn, and Zn were unaffected. Results indicate that pomegranate fruit yield was improved similarly with two applications (at full bloom and one month later) of nN fertilizer at a rate of 1.8 kg N/ha and with two applications of urea at a rate of 16.3 kg N/ha. Furthermore, fruit quality was improved more with the nN fertilizer at a rate of 1.8 kg N/ha than with two applications of urea at a rate of 16.3 kg N/ha.

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“…Foliar application of low-biuret urea (LBU) below 0.5% has been reported to use as a foliar spray throughout the world for citrus without causing any phytotoxic effects (Albrigo 2002 ;Jones and Embleton 1954 ) . Application of N fertilisation has been reported to greatly in fl uence the quality of fruit, and particularly the foliar spray applications of urea are an ef fi cient and cost-effective way to supply N to citrus, which enhanced the fruit size, peel thickness, juice content and yield in some citrus species (El-Otmani et al 2002 ;Khan et al 2009 ;Rabe 1994 ) . When urea is sprayed onto the citrus leaves, it fi rst must diffuse through the cuticles through micropores traversing the cuticular matrix (Schonherr and Schmidt 1979 ) .…”

Section: Foliar Application Of Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

Singh

Khan

2012

Advances in Citrus Nutrition

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Generally roots not only provide anchorage and support to plants but also help to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The roots and shoots of plants including citrus are functionally separate but mutually dependent. The roots absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil and transport to the areal parts including shoots and leaves. In return the shoots supply photosynthates to the roots. Presently the need of absorption of inorganic nutrients through plant leaves has AbstractThe availability of essential nutrients in appropriate amount ensures the growth, productivity and quality for sustainable production of tree fruits including citrus. The essential mineral element below the critical level adversely affects growth and yield even other minerals are within optimum range. A balanced and continuous supply of the essential nutrients is a key for citrus growers to ensure pro fi tability. Soil application is recommended for most of the macronutrients such as N, P and K, as these are required in large quantities. However, the soil application leads to nutrient losses through runoff, leaching and fi xation. Therefore, the foliar application is considered as an attractive alternative to the soil application of essential nutrients. Particularly, the trace elements which are required in small quantity are preferably applied through the foliar sprays. Nutrients applied through the foliar spray are directly absorbed though leaves and have several positive attributes. Foliar application can reduce overall fertiliser application rate and energy use, improve nutrient uptake and reduce underground water pollution. The ef fi ciency of foliar application of nutrients can further be enhanced with the addition of surfactants or adjuvant into the spray solution. Surfactants can be classi fi ed into various groups on the basis of their composition such as cationic, anionic, non-ionic, zwitterionic or ampholytic. The surfactants are widely used in foliar application of both macro-and micronutrients. This chapter reviews the available information about the use of surfactants in the foliar application of mineral elements in citrus with special reference to nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B) or copper (Cu).

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Efficacy of Foliar Urea as an N Source in Substainable Citrus Production Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of different agrochemicals foliar sprays on postharvest<br>fruit quality of Navel orange

The influence of different agrochemicals foliar sprays on postharvest<br>fruit quality of Navel orange

Effects of Foliar Nano-nitrogen and Urea Fertilizers on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Ardestani) Fruits

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

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