Efficacy of fungus mediated silver and gold nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti larvae

Abstract

Chrysosporium tropicum is a pathogenic fungus. It is known to be an effective mosquito control agent. In the present study, we have synthesized the silver and gold nanoparticles using C. tropicum. These nanoparticles have been characterized through Microscan reader, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The characterization study confirmed the spherical shape and size (2-15 and 20-50 nm) of gold and silver nanoparticles. These silver and gold nanoparticles have been tested as a larvicide against the Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvicidal efficacy was noted when performed against all instars of A. aegypti at six different log concentrations, and significant results could be observed. The gold nanoparticles used as an efficacy enhancer have shown mortality at three times higher concentration than the silver nanoparticles. The larval mortality was observed after different time of exposures. The mortality values were obtained using the probit analysis. The larvae of A. aegypti were found to be highly susceptible for the silver nanoparticles. The second instar larvae have shown 100% mortality against the silver nanoparticles after 1 h, whereas the first, third, and fourth instars have shown efficacy (LC(50) = 3.47, 4, and 2; LC(90) = 12.30, 8.91, and 4; LC(99) = 13.18, 13.18, and 7.58, respectively) after 1 h. The results could suggest that the use of fungus C. tropicum, silver, and gold nanoparticles is a rapid, environmentally safer, and greener approach for mosquito control. This could lead us to a new possibility in vector control strategy.

Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus megaterium against malarial and dengue vector (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…B. thuringiens was often known for its mosquito larvicide effects whereas the resistance against cry toxins neglected their usage in the recent decades (Surendran and Vennison 2011;Cadavid-Restrepo et al 2012;Chenniappan and Ayyadurai 2012). The present study exemplified that the formation of yellowish brown color was due to reduction of silver ions that indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles and exhibit yellowish brown color in aqueous solution due to excitation of surface plasmon vibrations in silver nanoparticles which correlated with the results obtained by Mukherjee et al (2001), Vigneshwaran et al (2007), Soni and Prakash (2012), and Najitha .…”

“…Of which, B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and B. sphaericus are effective but serious resistance as high as 50,000-fold has evolved where B. sphaericus is used against Culex mosquitoes (Soni and Prakash 2011). Recently, the laboratory resistance in the mosquitoes has been demonstrated to some isolates of B. thuringiensis (Surendran and Vennison 2011;CadavidRestrepo et al 2012;Chenniappan and Ayyadurai 2012).…”

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Valuation of their Antimicrobial Activity against Dengue Larvae

“…Soni and Prakash [11] have reported the fabrication of AgNPs by using a popular fungus C. tropicum, calculate LC50 and LC90 values as 4 and 8.91 against Dengue vector, these values were comparatively much higher than the LC50 and LC90 values measured in the current research work. Priyadarshini et al [12] have reported that Euphorbia hirta mediated AgNPs exhibit LC50 as (10.14 ppm, 27.89 ppm) and LC90 as (31.98 ppm, 69.84 ppm).…”

Nanobiotechnology Solutions againstAedes aegypti

“…These kinds of nanoparticles have exhibited efficacy against mosquito larvae (e.g., Aedes, Culex and Anopheles). [60][61][62][63][64][65] In addition, leaf extracts from plants have been used for silver nanoparticle production and have become an eco-friendly alternative for adulticidal activity against filarial, dengue and malaria vector mosquitoes (Table 2). [66][67][68][69] An interesting review on biogenic silver nanoparticles against mosquitoes was recently reported.…”