Background: A variety of systemic factors have been associated with peri-implant diseases. Objective: The aim of the present comprehensive review was to assess current literature regarding the systemic factors associated with the etiology of peri-implant diseases. Results: Both normal and premalignant oral mucosa cells (NOK and POE9i) displayed uptake of PLGAChiNPs in a time and concentration-dependent manner, both in 2D and 3D models. A higher and more rapid uptake of PLGAChi NPs by precancerous cell line POE9i was observed when compared to NOKs. Interestingly, DPCs did not display internalized PLGAChi NPs, even at the highest concentration of 200 g/mL. Data source: Databases were searched till January 2017 using different combinations of the following key words: "acquired immune defi ciency syndrome"; "cancer"; "diabetes mellitus"; "genetic"; "periimplant diseases"; "peri-implantitis", "renal"; and "risk-factors". Study selection: Clinical studies assessing the systemic factors associated with the etiology of periimplantitis were included. Letters to the Editor, case-reports, case-series, in-vitro studies, studies on animal models and commentaries were excluded. Data extraction: The pattern of the present comprehensive review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent information. Data synthesis: Poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) is a signifi cant risk factor for peri-implant diseases; however, under optimal glycemic control dental implants can osseointegrate in patients with DM. Osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis have been associated with peri-implant diseases; however, implant surface modifi cations and optimal oral hygiene maintenance are essential parameters that can facilitate osseointegration in these patients. Although irradiation is a signifi cant risk-factor for peri-implant diseases; studies have shown that osseointegration and survival of implants is possible in cancer patients. There is a weak evidence that HIV infection is no more a contradiction for implant therapy. Although systemic diseases are signifi cant risk-factors for dental implant failure, proper management of the systemic disorder and optimal oral hygiene may support osseointegration and survival of dental implants in medically-compromised patients. Keywords: acquired immune defi ciency syndrome, cancer, diabetes mellitus, genetic, peri-implant diseases.
ABSTRACT