Efficacy of Ozonated Water, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Peroxyacetic Acid Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm on Polystyrene Surfaces

Korany, Ahmed M.; Hua, Zi; Green, Tonia; Hanrahan, Ines; El-Shinawy, S.H.; El-Kholy, Adel; Hassan, Gamal M.; Zhu, Mei‐Jun

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02296

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…QAC sanitizers are often used in food processing facilities and have also been applied in facility X, which was the source of the 40 isolates studied here. The cationic, cell membrane-acting sanitizer is usually applied at concentrations of 200 to 400 ppm and has been shown to effectively reduce L. monocytogenes (more than a 3-log reduction) (29)(30)(31)(32). However, traces of highly diluted sanitizer can reach niches harboring L. monocytogenes, and isolates carrying the QAC tolerance genes might have a growth advantage at low-level sanitizer concentrations (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Processing Plant Involves Limited Single-Nucleotide Substitutions but Considerable Diversification by Gain and Loss of Prophages

Harrand

Jagadeesan

Baert

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming the standard method for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes. Interpretation of WGS data for isolates from foods and associated environments is, however, challenging due to a lack of detailed data on Listeria evolution in processing facilities. Here, we used previously collected WGS data for 40 L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from a cold-smoked salmon processing facility between 1998 and 2015 to probe the L. monocytogenes molecular evolution in this facility, combined with phenotypic assessment of selected isolates. Isolates represented three clusters (1, 2, and 3); cluster 3 isolates (n = 32) were obtained over 18 years. The average mutation rate for cluster 3 was estimated as 1.15 × 10−7 changes per nucleotide per year (∼0.35 changes per genome per year); the most recent common ancestors (MRCAs) of subclusters 3a and 3b were estimated to have occurred around 1958 and 1974, respectively, within the age of the facility, suggesting long-term persistence in this facility. Extensive prophage diversity was observed within subclusters 3a and 3b, which have one shared and six unique prophage profiles for each subcluster (with 16 prophage profiles found among all 40 isolates). The plasmid-borne sanitizer tolerance operon bcrABC was found in all cluster 2 and 3 isolates, while the transposon-borne sanitizer tolerance gene qacH was found in one cluster 1 isolate; presence of these genes was correlated with the ability to survive increased concentrations of sanitizers. Selected isolates showed significant variation in the ability to attach to surfaces, with persistent isolates attaching better than transient isolates at 21°C. IMPORTANCE Knowledge about the genetic evolution of L. monocytogenes in food processing facilities over multiple years is generally lacking. This information is critical to interpret WGS findings involving food or food-associated isolates. This study suggests that L. monocytogenes that persists in processing facilities may evolve with a low single-nucleotide mutation rate mostly driven by negative (i.e., purifying) selection but with rapid diversification of prophages. Hence, isolation of L. monocytogenes with few single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences in different locations (e.g., supplier plants and receiving plants) is possible, highlighting the importance of epidemiological and detailed isolate metadata for interpreting WGS data in traceback investigation. Our study also shows how advanced WGS data analyses can be used to support root cause analysis efforts and may, for example, pinpoint the time when a persistence event started (which then potentially could be linked to facility changes, introduction of new equipment, etc.).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Processing Plant Involves Limited Single-Nucleotide Substitutions but Considerable Diversification by Gain and Loss of Prophages

Harrand

Jagadeesan

Baert

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…They also showed that S. aureus was the most sensitive species for ozone dissolved in water [27]. Korany et al [28] showed that the use of ozonated water (1 min) against the structure of L. monocytogenes biofilm on the surface of polystyrene at the concentration of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm resulted in a bacterial number reduction of 0.9, 3.4, and 4.1 log CFU/cm 2 , respectively. Moreover Korany et al [28] found that quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) (100/400 ppm), chlorine (100/200 ppm), chlorine dioxide (2.5/5.0 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA) (80/160 ppm) resulted in a reduction of 2.4/3.6, 2.0/3.1, 2.4/3.8, and 3.6/4.8 log CFU/cm 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Korany et al [28] showed that the use of ozonated water (1 min) against the structure of L. monocytogenes biofilm on the surface of polystyrene at the concentration of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm resulted in a bacterial number reduction of 0.9, 3.4, and 4.1 log CFU/cm 2 , respectively. Moreover Korany et al [28] found that quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) (100/400 ppm), chlorine (100/200 ppm), chlorine dioxide (2.5/5.0 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA) (80/160 ppm) resulted in a reduction of 2.4/3.6, 2.0/3.1, 2.4/3.8, and 3.6/4.8 log CFU/cm 2 , respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of all tested disinfectants against the 7-day L. monocytogenes biofilm was significantly lower compared to 2-day biofilms, and the biofilm age having the minor impact on the effectiveness of PAA [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover Korany et al [28] found that quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) (100/400 ppm), chlorine (100/200 ppm), chlorine dioxide (2.5/5.0 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA) (80/160 ppm) resulted in a reduction of 2.4/3.6, 2.0/3.1, 2.4/3.8, and 3.6/4.8 log CFU/cm 2 , respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of all tested disinfectants against the 7-day L. monocytogenes biofilm was significantly lower compared to 2-day biofilms, and the biofilm age having the minor impact on the effectiveness of PAA [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of organic pollutants such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) resulted in a decrease in the biocidal effectiveness of the ozonated water [11]. Also Korany et al [28] showed lower efficacy of disinfectants, including ozonated water, in case of the presence of organic contamination (diluted milk and apple juice) in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocidal Effectiveness of Selected Disinfectants Solutions Based on Water and Ozonated Water against Listeria monocytogenes Strains

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to compare the biocidal effectiveness of disinfectants solutions prepared with ozonated and non-ozonated water against Listeria monocytogenes. Six L. monocytogenes strains were the research material (four isolates from food: meat (LMO-M), dairy products (LMO-N), vegetables (LMO-W), and fish (LMO-R); one clinical strain (LMO-K) and reference strain ATCC 19111). The evaluation of the biocidal effectiveness of disinfectant solutions (QAC—quaternary ammonium compounds; OA—oxidizing agents; ChC—chlorine compounds; IC—iodine compounds; NANO—nanoparticles) was carried out, marking the MBC values. Based on the obtained results, the effectiveness coefficient (A) were calculated. The smaller the A value, the greater the efficiency of disinfection solutions prepared on the basis of ozonated versus non-ozonated water. Ozonated water showed biocidal efficacy against L. monocytogenes. Among tested disinfectentants, independent on type of water used for preparation, the most effective against L. monocytogenes were: QAC 1 (benzyl-C12-18-alkydimethyl ammonium chlorides) (1.00 × 10−5–1.00 × 10−4 g/mL) in quaternary ammonium compounds, OA 3 (peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bis (sulphate) bis (peroxymonosulfate)) (3.08 × 10−4 –3.70 × 10−3 g/mL) in oxidizing agents, ChC 1 (chlorine dioxide) (5.00 × 10−8 –7.00 × 10−7 g/mL) in chlorine compounds, IC 1 (iodine) (1.05–2.15 g/mL) in iodine compounds, and NANO 1 (nanocopper) (1.08 × 10−4 – 1.47 × 10−4 g/mL) in nanoparticles. The values of the activity coefficient for QAC ranged from 0.10 to 0.40, for OA—0.15–0.84, for ChC—0.25–0.83, for IC—0.45–0.60, and for NANO—0.70–0.84. The preparation of disinfectants solution on the basis of ozonated water, improved the microbicidal efficiency of the tested disinfectant, especially the quaternary ammonium compounds. An innovative element of our work is the use of ozonated water for the preparation of working solutions of the disinfection agents. Use ozonated water can help to reduce the use of disinfectant concentrations and limit the increasing of microbial resistance to disinfectants. This paper provides many new information to optimize hygiene plans in food processing plants and limit the spread of microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes.

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Surface Disinfection – State of the Art

FERNANDES,

OLIVEIRA,

GOMES

et al. 2024

Prevention of the Biological Contamination of Food

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Efficacy of Ozonated Water, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Peroxyacetic Acid Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm on Polystyrene Surfaces

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Processing Plant Involves Limited Single-Nucleotide Substitutions but Considerable Diversification by Gain and Loss of Prophages

Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Processing Plant Involves Limited Single-Nucleotide Substitutions but Considerable Diversification by Gain and Loss of Prophages

Biocidal Effectiveness of Selected Disinfectants Solutions Based on Water and Ozonated Water against Listeria monocytogenes Strains

Surface Disinfection – State of the Art

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