Efficacy of permethrin insecticide tested against populations of <i>Anopheles</i> and <i>Aedes</i> from different larval habitats in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

Abstract

The resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles, 1902 and Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 collected from different breeding habitats in southern guinea savanna of Kaduna State was investigated. The larvae were collected from swamps, rock and mountain pools, reared and fed with baker's yeast and grounded biscuits in separate containers to adulthood. Susceptibility test was conducted on the adult mosquitoes using 0.75 % permethrin impregnated paper embedded in World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic test kit following standard procedure. Knockdown rate was recorded at 5 min interval for 1 hr and the final mortality was determined at 24 hr post exposure time. Fifty (50) and ninety five (95) percent knockdown times (KDT50 and KDT95) were evaluated using the probit analysis. The result shows that the knockdown for all mosquitoes collected from the three breeding habitats were 100 %. The percentage mortalities for Anopheles from swamps, rock pools and Aedes from mountain pools were 100 % while 98.7 % was obtained for Anopheles from mountain pools. Fifty (50) and ninety five (95) percent knockdown times were between 10.72-12.45 minutes and 21.38-24.56 min respectively. The results show that all mosquitoes tested are susceptible to 0.75 % permethrin which suggest that the insecticide can be used effectively for the control of these vectors in the ecological zone.

Absolute configuration of (1S,3R,8R)-10-bromomethyl-2,2-dichloro-3,7,7-trimethyltricyclo[6.4.0.01,3]dodec-9-ene

“…For further synthetic details, see: Qu et al (2009). For biological properties of cyclopropane-containing products, see: Ajay Kumar et al (2012); Sow et al (2007); Symon et al (2005). For related structures, see: Benharref et al (2010); Gassman & Gorman (1990); Lassaba et al (1997).…”

“…Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2012); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al, 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97. Cyclopropane-containing natural products attract great interest because of their biological properties ranging from insecticidal (Sow et al, 2007) and antimicrobial (Ajay Kumar et al, 2012) to antitumoral activities (Symon et al, 2005).…”