Efficacy of Polyphenols in the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Focus on Clinical Studies

Abstract

Polyphenols (PLPs), phytochemicals found in a wide range of plant-based foods, have gained extensive attention in view of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and several additional beneficial activities. The health-promoting effects noted in animal models of various non-communicable diseases explain the growing interest in these molecules. In particular, in vitro and animal studies reported an attenuation of lipid disorders in response to PLPs. However, despite promising preclinical investigations, the effectiveness of PLPs in human dyslipidemia (DLP) is less clear and necessitates revision of available literature. Therefore, the present review analyzes the role of PLPs in managing clinical DLP, notably by dissecting their potential in ameliorating lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and alleviating hyperlipidemia, both postprandially and in long-term interventions. To this end, PubMed was used for article search. The search terms included polyphenols, lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and /or HDL-cholesterol. The critical examination of the trials published to date illustrates certain benefits on blood lipids along with co-morbidities in participant’s health status. However, inconsistent results document significant research gaps, potentially owing to study heterogeneity and lack of rigor in establishing PLP bioavailability during supplementation. This underlines the need for further efforts in order to elucidate and support a potential role of PLPs in fighting DLP.

Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review

“…OxLDL and oxHDL both stay longer in the bloodstream due to their impaired interaction with their specific receptors. Their diminished clearance and imbalance of lipid profile ultimately contributes to the onset of atherosclerosis [ 19 ]. CA is thought to prevent atherosclerosis by lowering the functional and structural changes in the arteries [ 78 ].…”

“…These compounds, which can be found in abundance in the Mediterranean diet, has increasingly shown a beneficial effect in maintaining cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health, which, in turn, reduces the risks of MetS development. This positive impression may be due to the diets that are high in polyphenolic antioxidant content derived from vegetables, grapes, and olive oils [ 19 ]. Similarly, treatment with naringin, a type of glycoside flavonoid, has been reported to reverse MetS by reducing visceral obesity, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile [ 20 ].…”

Amelioration of Hepatic Steatosis in Mice through Bacteroides uniformis CBA7346-Mediated Regulation of High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Lipogenesis

“…Dyslipidemias, i.e., abnormal levels of lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, are also induced by HFDs in animals [ 32 ]. In our study, the administration of B. uniformis CBA7346 reduced the serum levels of lipid profiles in mice with HFD-induced NAFLD.…”

Functional Properties of Fruits of Common Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) Extract

“…We can increase our intake of phenolic acids by making concentrated fruit extracts. The consumption of polyphenol-enriched foods is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases such as atherosclerosis [53,54], dyslipidemia [55], and diabetes [56]. From Table 4, it can be concluded that gallic acid has the highest proportion of the methanolic fraction (MF) and water fraction (WF) of common medlar extract (36.8 and 43.8 mg/g of extract, respectively).…”