Efficacy of rabies vaccines against Duvenhage virus isolated from European house bats (Eptesicus serotinus), classic rabies and rabies-related viruses

Fekadu, Makonnen; Shaddock, John H.; Sanderlin, Dane W.; Smith, Jean S.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(88)90107-7

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to the calculation of relative potency for a given vaccine, such difference in death/survival rate strongly affects potency result and should be carefully evaluated with local isolates to prevent the possible failure of the vaccine. These differences in protection index indicate the effect of challenge virus on potency of a given vaccine in terms of local isolates which correlate with studies done by Badrane et al indicating that different phylogroups shows varying level of protection [17]. Studies done in USA also support this finding that neither pre-exposure vaccination nor conventional post-exposure prophylaxis using classical rabies based vaccine provided significant protection to rabies related viruses [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

In Vivo and In Vitro Cross Neutralization Studies of Local Rabies Virus Isolates with ERA Based Cell Culture Anti-Rabies Vaccine Produced In Ethiopia

Mekonnen¹

2014

J Vaccines Vaccin

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Rabies is a worldwide problem, and the case is most severe in developing countries where cell culture anti-rabies vaccines are unaffordable or the available nervous tissue-derived vaccines are of questionable immunogenicity and may cause neurological complications. The aim of this research was to study cross protection of local rabies virus isolates with Evenyl Roktincki Abelseth (ERA) based cell culture anti-rabies vaccine produced in Ethiopia and to develop challenge virus from local isolates. The viruses were isolated from rabid dogs' brains and human saliva, and adapted on Swiss albino mice and cell lines. Cross protection with ERA based vaccine was studied by in vivo and in vitro methods. For in vivo method, a group of mice were immunized on day zero and seven with 0.5 ml (1:5 dilutions) of ERA based cell culture anti-rabies vaccine produced locally. On day fourteenth, mice were challenged with working dilution of each local isolates and one group with challenge virus standard (CVS-11), and observed for further 14 days. High protection was recorded in CVS-11 challenged mice and low protection in all local isolates (p=0.045); specifically protection to HOS challenged mice was very low. In vitro test was done by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test on BHK-21 cell lines. Sera from dog immunized with locally produced vaccine and OIE serum were incubated with local virus isolates and CVS-11 for 48 hours in the presence of cell lines. Maximum antibody titer (2.74 IU/ml) was obtained with CVS-11 challenge virus and minimum antibody titer (1.55 IU/ml) was obtained with cow origin (CO) virus isolate. All locally isolated rabies virus show low antibody titer when compared to . From the results, it can be concluded that local isolates have some genetic variation from fixed virus strain which can affect efficacy of the candidate vaccine and potency value should be set in-terms of local isolate using as challenge virus. Generally, the exact genetic relationship should be studied by molecular techniques and locally isolated virus should be used as challenge virus for vaccine quality control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

In Vivo and In Vitro Cross Neutralization Studies of Local Rabies Virus Isolates with ERA Based Cell Culture Anti-Rabies Vaccine Produced In Ethiopia

Mekonnen¹

2014

J Vaccines Vaccin

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“…Further studies based on the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene of four EBL established that these viruses can be further subdivided into two different genotypes of lyssavirus : genotype 5 (or EBL1) and genotype 6 (or EBL2) (Bourhy et al, 1992. Protection and seroneutralization experiments (Fekadu et al, 1988 ;Lafon et al, 1986Lafon et al, , 1988 and evaluations of the cellular immune response after vaccination (Celis et al, 1988 ;Herzog et al, 1991Herzog et al, , 1992Joffret et al, 1990 ;Perrin et al, 1991) have demonstrated the weak efficacy of conventional rabies vaccines of genotype 1 against infection by EBL1, EBL2 and DUV isolates. This has lead to public health concerns and to the possible need to develop more specific vaccines against other genotypes of lyssaviruses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses.

Amengual

Whitby²,

King

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

131

118

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Forty-seven European bat lyssaviruses (EBL) and two African insectivorous bat lyssaviruses (Duvenhage viruses) were selected for a comparison to be made of their evolutionary relationships. Studies were based on direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified products of the 400 nucleotides coding for the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein. Phylogenetic relationships were analysed after bootstrap resampling using the maximum parsimony and the neighbour-joining methods. Analyses of both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences placed these viruses in three separate clusters, namely genotype 4 (Duvenhage), genotype 5 (EBL1) and genotype 6 (EBL2). Evolutionary

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“…Their spectrum of protection against the rabiesrelated viruses is variable (25,31). Pasteur virus (PV) elicits VNAbs against genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 but fails to protect against genotypes 2 and 3 (3,16,59). Differences also exist in the pathogenicity of virus strains; genotypes 1 and 5 are pathogenic for mice by the peripheral route, while genotype 3 is not (37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of TwoLyssavirusPhylogroups with Distinct Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity

Badrane

Bahloul

Perrin

et al. 2001

J Virol

284

217

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The genetic diversity of representative members of the Lyssavirus genus (rabies and rabies-related viruses) was evaluated using the gene encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the virus-host interaction, immunogenicity, and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished seven genotypes, which could be divided into two major phylogroups having the highest bootstrap values. Phylogroup I comprises the worldwide genotype 1 (classic Rabies virus), the European bat lyssavirus (EBL) genotypes 5 (EBL1) and 6 (EBL2), the African genotype 4 (Duvenhage virus), and the Australian bat lyssavirus genotype 7. Phylogroup II comprises the divergent African genotypes 2 (Lagos bat virus) and 3 (Mokola virus). We studied immunogenic and pathogenic properties to investigate the biological significance of this phylogenetic grouping. Viruses from phylogroup I (Rabies virus and EBL1) were found to be pathogenic for mice when injected by the intracerebral or the intramuscular route, whereas viruses from phylogroup II (Mokola and Lagos bat viruses) were only pathogenic by the intracerebral route. We showed that the glycoprotein R333 residue essential for virulence was naturally replaced by a D333 in the phylogroup II viruses, likely resulting in their attenuated pathogenicity. Moreover, cross-neutralization distinguished the same phylogroups. Within each phylogroup, the amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein ectodomain was at least 74% identical, and antiglycoprotein virus-neutralizing antibodies displayed cross-neutralization. Between phylogroups, the identity was less than 64.5% and the cross-neutralization was absent, explaining why the classical rabies vaccines (phylogroup I) cannot protect against lyssaviruses from phylogroup II. Our tree-axial analysis divided lyssaviruses into two phylogroups that more closely reflect their biological characteristics than previous serotypes and genotypes.

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Efficacy of rabies vaccines against Duvenhage virus isolated from European house bats (Eptesicus serotinus), classic rabies and rabies-related viruses

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

In Vivo and In Vitro Cross Neutralization Studies of Local Rabies Virus Isolates with ERA Based Cell Culture Anti-Rabies Vaccine Produced In Ethiopia

In Vivo and In Vitro Cross Neutralization Studies of Local Rabies Virus Isolates with ERA Based Cell Culture Anti-Rabies Vaccine Produced In Ethiopia

Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses.

Evidence of TwoLyssavirusPhylogroups with Distinct Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity

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