Efficacy of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundUterine cervical neoplasms is widely concerned due to its high incidence rate. Early diagnosis is extremely important for prognosis. The purpose of this article is evaluating the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of suspected uterine cervical neoplasms.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of science up to September 1, 2021. By analyzing the true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN) and false negative (FN) of six included study, we evaluated the pooled and grouping sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios (LR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), based on random effects models. The overall diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectrum was evaluated by SROC curve analysis and AUC.ResultsAfter screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of six study were included in the study. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.98 (95% Cl, 0.93–0.99) and 0.95 (95% Cl, 0.89–0.98). The total PLR and NLR were 21.05 (95% CI, 8.23–53.86) and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01–0.07), respectively. And the AUC of the SROC curve which show the overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.99 (0.98–1.00).ConclusionThrough analysis, we confirmed the role of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in the diagnosis of suspected uterine cervical tumors.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021284966].

Raman Spectroscopy for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer, a Global Women’s Health Issue—A Review

“…In this study on Raman spectra from negative cytology and high-grade cytology samples after pre-treatment, glycogen, nucleic acids, and proteins were found to be the main discriminating features regardless of whether the samples had minimal blood contamination (blood scale index 0) or excessive blood contamination (blood scale index 2–3). Traynor et al [ 25 ] published a protocol for Raman spectral cytopathology for use on liquid-based cytology samples prepared onto glass slides. This protocol covered sample preparation, spectral acquisition, pre-processing, and data analysis, and it included methods of correction of the glass spectral contribution and sample pre-treatment methods to remove contaminants, such as blood and mucus.…”

“…There have been previous efforts at this by multiple authors, either by meta-analysis [ 23 ] or by an overview of the field [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. This review will present the research to date on Raman spectroscopic approaches for cervical cancer using exfoliated cells, tissue ex vivo and in vivo, and biofluid samples, and it will discuss future directions in the post-vaccination era.…”