BackgroundUterine cervical neoplasms is widely concerned due to its high incidence rate. Early diagnosis is extremely important for prognosis. The purpose of this article is evaluating the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of suspected uterine cervical neoplasms.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of science up to September 1, 2021. By analyzing the true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN) and false negative (FN) of six included study, we evaluated the pooled and grouping sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios (LR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), based on random effects models. The overall diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectrum was evaluated by SROC curve analysis and AUC.ResultsAfter screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of six study were included in the study. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.98 (95% Cl, 0.93–0.99) and 0.95 (95% Cl, 0.89–0.98). The total PLR and NLR were 21.05 (95% CI, 8.23–53.86) and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01–0.07), respectively. And the AUC of the SROC curve which show the overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.99 (0.98–1.00).ConclusionThrough analysis, we confirmed the role of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in the diagnosis of suspected uterine cervical tumors.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021284966].

BackgroundAdenomyosis is a common gynecological disease in women. A relevant literature search found that approximately 82% of patients with adenomyosis chose to undergo hysterectomy. However, women of childbearing age are more likely to undergo surgery to preserve the uterus. Because it is difficult to determine the extent of adenomyosis, it is almost impossible to resect adenomyotic tissue and retain the uterus at the same time.Materials and methodsFollowing ethics approval and patient consent, tissue samples were resected and prepared to create frozen slices for analysis. One slice was subjected to H&E staining while the remaining slices were photographed with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Comparative observations and analyses at the same positions were carried out to explore the diagnostic ability of CARS, SHG, and Raman spectroscopy for adenomyosis.ResultsIn adenomyotic tissue, we found two characteristic peaks at 1,155 and 1,519 cm–1 in the Raman spectrum, which were significantly different from normal tissue. The substances shown in the CARS spectrum were represented by peaks of 1,519 cm–1. SHG microscopy showed a distribution of collagen at the focus of the adenomyosis.ConclusionThis study represents a novel analysis of Raman microscopy, CARS, and SHG in the analysis of adenomyotic lesions. We found the diffraction spectrum useful in determining the focal boundary and the diagnosis of adenomyosis in the tested samples.

BackgroundCervical cancer has become a worldwide concern owing to its high incidence and mortality rates. To date, high-altitude areas of Tibet have not benefited from any large-scale cervical cancer screening programs. Therefore, we initiated a screening program to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV genotype distribution to reveal cervical cancer and its precursor which lead to morbidity among women in the city of Nagqu in northern Tib3et.MethodsA total of 25,173 women were recruited to undergo HPV genotype tests between June and December 2019. Women infected with HPV 16 and/or 18 underwent colposcopy and histological examination. Women with other high-risk HPV type (hr-HPV) underwent cytological tests to determine whether to conduct further colposcopy and histological examination for diagnosis. HPV prevalence was calculated in the total population and further stratified according to various parameters, such as age group, area location (altitude level), and single or mixed infection status. The HPV genotype distribution was also investigated accordingly. Cervical lesions revealed by further colposcopic findings were also analyzed; high-grade and malignant lesion morbidities were calculated in total and in each county. Most data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and consistency check statistical methods, and a risk factor investigation for HPV infection was performed using logistic regression models.ResultsThe total HPV infection rate among women in Nagqu was 13.42%. Of the 25,173 women in the study, 999 (3.97%) were HPV 16/18 positive, 2,379 (9.45%) were other hr-HPV-positive, and 21,795 (86.58%) were HPV-negative. The five most common HPV genotypes, accounting for more than 60% of all HPV infections in Nagqu people, were HPV 16, 58, 31, 18, and 52. Tibetan women younger than 20 years and older than 60 years were the two age groups with the highest rates of HPV infection, 26.7% and 19.8%, respectively. Among the HPV-positive women, 2,656 (78.33%) were infected with a single strain and 732 (21.67%) were infected with multiple strains (more than two genotypes). HPV prevalence increased in high-altitude areas (positive rate highest in Nyima with an altitude of 5,000 m, 23.9%) and decreased in relatively low-altitude areas (positive rate lowest in Lhari with an altitude of 4,000 m, 6.6%). Multiple analyses showed that age, parity, age at first delivery, and altitude of residence were independent factors facilitating HPV infection in Tibetan women. High-grade and malignant cervical lesions revealed by histological findings were different among living locations, with the highest rates in Xainza, Baingoin, and Nyainrong, these being 2.019%, 1.820%, and 1.116%, respectively, among women in these areas.ConclusionOur survey provides an overall perspective on HPV genotype infection and cervical lesions in women in northern Tibet. The data not only provide useful information for the treatment of cervical lesions but also has great value in terms of the primary and secondary prevention measures that can be taken for women living in these regions.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, indentifier ChiCTR2000035061.