Efficacy of Removal of CCL Viruses under Enhanced Coagulation Conditions

Abstract

The focus of coagulation as a water treatment process is shifting to accommodate recent regulatory additions that strive to balance the risks NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.

Treatability of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contaminant Candidate List Viruses: Removal of Coxsackievirus and Echovirus using Enhanced Coagulation

“…SPSS (Chicago, IL) Version 12.0 statistical software was used to compute the Levene statistic, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Welch test, Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and the Games-Howell test, as described by Abbaszadegan et al 7 18 and linear regression models were computed and used to evaluate the relationship between the variables.…”

“…2 Although substantial efforts have been devoted to assessing the removal of DBP precursors from drinking water using enhanced coagulation, 1,[3][4][5] limited information is available regarding the efficacy of enhanced coagulation for the removal of emerging pathogens. [6][7][8] Conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes have demonstrated efficiency in the removal of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. [9][10][11] Similar studies are needed to evaluate the effect of enhanced coagulation optimization for the reduction of DOC on the removal of emerging pathogens, such as those on the USEPA's Contaminant Candidate List (CCL).…”

“…Bacteriophages share many similarities with human viruses (e.g., size, isoelectric point, etc., as shown in Table 1) but are faster, less expensive, and easier to assay (7). Bacteriophages having removal profiles similar to those of the CCL viruses may be valuable surrogates for studies of enterovirus removal.…”

“…The results of this study will aid in building a database of treatment efficacies of enteroviruses and their surrogates and in evaluating their CCL and regulatory status. 7 . b Determination of the isoelectric points of pathogenic viruses is very difficult, and few have been reported.…”

Estimation of norovirus removal performance in a coagulation–rapid sand filtration process by using recombinant norovirus VLPs

“…The bacteriophages Qβ (Dowd et al, 1998;Matsui et al, 2003;Matsushita et al, 2004;Shirasaki et al, 2009) andMS2 (Nasser et al, 1995;Redman et al, 1997;Dowd et al, 1998;Abbaszadegan et al, 2007;Mayer et al, 2008;Shirasaki et al, 2009) are widely used as surrogates for pathogenic waterborne viruses in the coagulation, coagulation-rapid sand filtration, and sandy aquifer treatment processes because of their morphological similarities to hepatitis A viruses and polioviruses, which are important to remove during the treatment of drinking water. Qβ is the prototype member of the genus Allolevivirus in the virus family Leviviridae, and MS2 is the prototype member of the genus Levivirus in the Leviviridae.…”