Efficacy of Rifampin in Treatment of Meningococcal Carriers

Deal, William B.; Sanders, Eugene

doi:10.1056/nejm196909182811203

Cited by 99 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These are effective in eradicating nasopharyngeal colonization by N. meningitidis, although the use of minocycline is limited by the high rate of adverse reactions that it causes (6). Nasopharyngeal carriage of N. meningitidis can be reduced by -90% by using rifampin (5); however, strains of rifampin-resistant (Rif) meningococci have been recovered from recipients of the drug (9,28). Furthermore, Rif meningococci are known to cause systemic disease, and rifampin prophylaxis may fail to prevent secondary cases of infection (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis

Carter

Abadi

Yakubu

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Primers were designed to amplify the rpoB gene of Neisseria meningitidis. The region of the gene amplified covered clusters I and II of the rifampin resistance (Rifr) mutation sites identified in Escherichia coli. DNAs from six Rifr isolates and 21 rifampin-susceptible isolates from the United Kingdom representing a number of serogroups were amplified and sequenced. All six Rifr isolates had identical DNA sequences and the same amino acid change, a His to an Asn change at position 35 (H35N). This His residue is equivalent to the His residue at position 526 in E. coli, one of the known Rifr mutation sites. DNAs from an additional six Rifr mutations generated in vitro were amplified and sequenced. Three had H35Y changes, one had an H35R change, one had an H35N change and one had an S40F change. The predominance of mutations at the His residue at position 35 in Rifr N. meningitidis isolates suggests that it plays a critical role in the selection of antibiotic-resistant variants. All six Rifr isolates belonged to the same clonal group when analyzed by restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These data suggest that a single clone of Rifr N. meningitidis is present and widespread throughout the United Kingdom.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis

Carter

Abadi

Yakubu

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Rifampin is a valuable antibiotic for the therapy of tuberculosis and is effective in eradicating the meningococcal carrier state (4,15). Rifampin has several unique characteristics which may also make it useful in the therapy of staphylococcal infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Rifampin on Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus

Sande

Mandell

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Initial studies indicate that rifampin may be useful for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Because bacterial resistance to rifampin may develop rapidly, its widespread use could result in the emergence of a resistant flora. This study evaluates the effectiveness of rifampin in reducing the nasal carriage of S. aureus and the rate at which resistant mutants emerge in a tuberculosis hospital where the drug was widely used. Anterior nares cultures were performed four times over a 13-month period. Carriage rates of S. aureus were 1.7% in 227 patients receiving rifampin, 7.8% in 190 patients receiving other antituberculous therapy, and 14.2% in 98 hospital employees (rifampin-treated versus other patients. P < 0.003; rifampin-treated versus employees, P < 0.001; employees versus other patients, P = 0.157). All four strains of S. aureus isolated from patients on rifampin therapy were rifampin resistant. All 16 strains isolated from patients not on rifampin and 15 of 16 strains isolated from hospital personnel were susceptible. One instance of apparent spread of a rifampin-resistant organism occurred in a hospital attendant who had never received rifampin.

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“…20,21 However, rifampin is known to turn urine and contact lenses orange and to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, potentially rendering oral contraception ineffective. Rifampin prophylaxis may be associated with the emergence of resistant strains.…”

Section: Rifampinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21,[23][24][25] All studies reported that antibiotics-rifampin, minocycline hydrochloride, or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-achieved high rates of eradication (ranging from 90%-97%), except 1 trial of rifampin in students with heavy growth on culture, where the rate of eradication was 73%. Eradication rates with placebo ranged from 9% to 29%.…”

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases: meningococcal disease

Ca¹

2000

Western Journal of Medicine

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Efficacy of Rifampin in Treatment of Meningococcal Carriers

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis

Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis

Effect of Rifampin on Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus

Infectious diseases: meningococcal disease

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