Efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs

Dryden, Michael W.; Payne, Patricia A.; Smith, Vicki; Berg, Thomas C; Lane, Melanie A.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-80

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among these molecules Rapamycin and Everolimus drugs were previously identified as mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors [47,50,[80][81][82]. The antibacterial or antiparasitic drugs from the list are Chitosan [83] or SelaMeerin (Selamectin) [84], respectively. Paclitaxel, have been found to be previously targeting Bcl-2 and microtubule associated [85,86].…”

Section: Measuring the Feasibility Of The Homotrimer Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

Kalathiya

Padariya

Mayordomo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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An important stage in SARS-CoV-2 life cycle is the fusion of spike(S) protein with the ACE2 host-cell receptor. Therefore, to explore conserved features in S protein dynamics and to identify potentially novel regions for drugging, we measured variability derived from 791 viral genomes and studied its properties by MD simulation. The findings indicated that S2 subunit (HR1, CH, and CD domains) showed low variability, low fluctuations in MD, and displayed a trimer cavity. By contrast, the RBD domain, which is typically targeted in drug discovery programmes, exhibits more sequence variability and flexibility. Interpretations from MD suggest that the monomer is in constant motion showing transitions up-to-down state, and the trimer cavity may function as a 'bouncing spring' that may facilitates S protein interactions with ACE2. Feasibility of trimer cavity for potential drug target was examined by SBVS screening. Several hits that have already been validated or suggested to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in cell systems were identified; in particular, the data suggest an action mechanism for such molecules including Chitosan and macrolide types. These findings identify a novel binding-site formed by the S protein, that might assist in future drug discovery programmes aimed at targeting the CoV family of viruses.

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Section: Measuring the Feasibility Of The Homotrimer Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

Kalathiya

Padariya

Mayordomo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Topical selamectin, oral spinosad/milbemycin oxime, and oral spinosad killed >90% of fleas on dogs within 24 h when tested at days 7, 14, and 21. Selamectin provided >93% reductions at day 28 whereas two spinosad products provided <90% kill [ 286 ]. A monthly topical application of selamectin was applied to dogs and cats with FAD.…”

Section: Pest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

Rust

2017

Insects

114

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The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) is the most important ectoparasite of domestic cats and dogs worldwide. It has been two decades since the last comprehensive review concerning the biology and ecology of C. f. felis and its management. Since then there have been major advances in our understanding of the diseases associated with C. f. felis and their implications for humans and their pets. Two rickettsial diseases, flea-borne spotted fever and murine typhus, have been identified in domestic animal populations and cat fleas. Cat fleas are the primary vector of Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever) with the spread of the bacteria when flea feces are scratched in to bites or wounds. Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) common in dogs and cats has been successfully treated and tapeworm infestations prevented with a number of new products being used to control fleas. There has been a continuous development of new products with novel chemistries that have focused on increased convenience and the control of fleas and other arthropod ectoparasites. The possibility of feral animals serving as potential reservoirs for flea infestations has taken on additional importance because of the lack of effective environmental controls in recent years. Physiological insecticide resistance in C. f. felis continues to be of concern, especially because pyrethroid resistance now appears to be more widespread. In spite of their broad use since 1994, there is little evidence that resistance has developed to many of the on-animal or oral treatments such as fipronil, imidacloprid or lufenuron. Reports of the perceived lack of performance of some of the new on-animal therapies have been attributed to compliance issues and their misuse. Consequentially, there is a continuing need for consumer awareness of products registered for cats and dogs and their safety.

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“…Based on duration of survival it is recommended to maintain consistent flea prevention in flea endemic areas. It is also advised that fast-acting systemic adulticides are used as these may be more effective at reducing pruritus quickly compared to other topically applied flea preventatives [ 10 ]. Cases that are being entered into a study of canine AD should undergo effective flea control prior to study enrollment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine atopic dermatitis: detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification

Hensel¹,

et al. 2015

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BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, genetically predisposed, inflammatory and pruritic skin disease. The variation in clinical presentations, due to genetic factors, extent of the lesions, stage of the disease, secondary infections, as well as resemblance to other non-atopic related skin diseases, can complicate a diagnosis of canine AD. A sub-group of the International Committee for Allergic Diseases in Animals (ICADA) was tasked with the development of a set of practical guidelines that can be used to assist practitioners and researchers in the diagnosis of canine AD. Online citation databases and abstracts from international meetings were searched for publications related to the topic, and combined with expert opinion where necessary. The final set of guidelines was approved by the entire ICADA committee.ResultsA total of 81 publications relevant for this review were identified. The guidelines generated focus on three aspects of the diagnostic approach:Ruling out of other skin conditions with clinical signs resembling, or overlapping with canine AD.Detailed interpretation of the historical and clinical features of patients affected by canine AD.Allergy testing by intradermal versus allergen-specific IgE serum testing.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of canine AD is based on meeting clinical criteria and ruling out other possible causes with similar clinical signs. Flea combing, skin scraping and cytology should be performed, where necessary, as part of a thorough work-up. Elimination diet trials are required for patients with perennial pruritus and/or concurrent gastrointestinal signs. Once a clinical diagnosis of canine AD is made, allergy testing can be performed to identify potential causative allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

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Efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

Canine atopic dermatitis: detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification

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