Efficacy of the Trichophyton ajelloi and Lagenidium giganteum metabolites against mosquitoes after flash chromatography

Abstract

Entomopathogens are significant natural enemies for mosquitoes. We have investigated the adulticidal efficacies of metabolites of Trichophyton ajelloi and Lagenidium giganteum against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti simultaneously. The T. ajelloi was grown on Sabouraud's dextrose broth medium at 25 ± 2°C and relative humidity at 75 ± 5% for 15 days. L. giganteum was grown in peptone yeast extract glucose broth at 25 ± 2°C and relative humidity 75 ± 5% for 15 days. The filtrations of metabolites have been made by using Whatman-1 filter paper then with the flash chromatograph. The bioassays were conducted as per the World Health Organization's methods and protocols (2006). In this significant investigations, the metabolites of T. ajelloi have been found highly susceptible against A. aegypti with LC(99)-7.24 ml after an exposure time of 24 h with a comparison, the LC(99)-66 ml was observed against C. quinquefasciatus after exposure of 24 h. Moreover, the L. giganteum metabolites have shown higher pathogenicity against C. quinquefasciatus with LC(99)-11.3 ml and A. aegypti with LC(99)-15.49 ml. Although, the efficacy in adults could be achieved with higher concentration can be significant also. Their adulticidal activities in different climatic zones are plausible with metabolites which have better LT values of T. ajelloi.

Pathogenicity of <i>Aspergillus clavatus</i> produced in a fungal biofilm bioreactor toward <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…26,27) Our results are similar to those of other studies that showed the toxicity of fungal metabolites against mosquitoes. 2,28,29) A. clavatus metabolites were found to be toxic toward adults and larvae with significant mortality rates after 72 hr. Regarding the application approach, metabolites could act by contact with adults and also by ingestion by larvae.…”

“…Conidia are classically applied, but toxic metabolites have also been produced in liquid medium and used against mosquitoes. 1,2) Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are promising alternatives to conventional insecticides for eliminating mosquito vectors. 3,4) Recently, many Aspergillus species have commonly been used against mosquitoes.…”

Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

“…Twelve species of entomopathogenic Oomycota are known to exist within six genera: Lagenidium (L. giganteum), Leptolegnia (L. caudata and L, chapmanii), Pythium (P. carolinianum, P. sierrensis, and P. flevoense), Crypticola (C. clavulifera and C. entomophaga), Couchia (C. amphora, C. linnophila, and C. circumplexa), and Aphanomyces (A. laevis) (Araújo and Hughes 2016;Mendoza et al 2018). Most are facultative parasites of mosquito larvae belonging to the genera Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Culiseta, Orthopodomyia, Uranotaenia, Psorophora, and Mansonia (Frances et al 1989;Woodring et al 1995;Scholte et al 2004;Patwardhan et al 2005;Vyas et al 2007;Singh and Prakash 2012;Vilela et al 2018;Shen et al 2019;Vilela et al 2019;Shen et al 2020a). Some examples of infected insects are listed in Table 1.…”